Changes

Under general [[anaesthesia]], it is also useful to recheck the '''temporomandibular joints for crepitus''' or clicks if a problem is suspected. The '''[[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandible (mandibula)|mandibular symphysis]]''' should also be checked for mobility – a small degree of movement is normal in cats.

Under general [[anaesthesia]], it is also useful to recheck the '''temporomandibular joints for crepitus''' or clicks if a problem is suspected. The '''[[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandible (mandibula)|mandibular symphysis]]''' should also be checked for mobility – a small degree of movement is normal in cats.

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The following indices and criteria should be evaluated for each tooth:

The following indices and criteria should be evaluated for each tooth:

#Gingivitis and gingival index

#Gingivitis and gingival index

#Furcation involvement

#Furcation involvement

#Mobility

#Mobility

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In animals with large accumulations of dental deposits (plaque and calculus) on the teeth, it may be necessary to remove these to assess periodontal status accurately. Care must be taken not to damage the gingival tissues whilst removing the calculus.

In animals with large accumulations of dental deposits (plaque and calculus) on the teeth, it may be necessary to remove these to assess periodontal status accurately. Care must be taken not to damage the gingival tissues whilst removing the calculus.

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The presence and degree of '''[[gingivitis]]''' (inflammation of the [[gingiva]]) is assessed based on a combination of redness and swelling, as well as presence or absence of '''bleeding''' on gentle probing of the '''gingival sulcus'''. An index which relies on both visual inspection and bleeding, namely the '''modified Löe and Silness gingival index''' (Löe, 1967), can also be used:

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The presence and degree of gingivitis (inflammation of the gingiva) is assessed based on a combination of redness and swelling, as well as presence or absence of bleeding on gentle probing of the gingival sulcus. An index which relies on both visual inspection and bleeding, namely the modified Löe and Silness gingival index (Löe, 1967), can also be used:

:'''Gingival index 0'''  - Clinically healthy gingiva

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:'''Gingival index 1''' - Mild gingivitis: slight reddening and swelling of the gingival margin; no bleeding on gentle probing of the gingival sulcus

'''Gingival index 0'''  - Clinically healthy gingiva<br>

:'''Gingival index 2'''  - Moderate gingivitis: the gingival margin is red and swollen; gentle probing of the gingival sulcus results in bleeding

'''Gingival index 1''' - Mild gingivitis: slight reddening and swelling of the gingival margin; no bleeding on gentle probing of the gingival sulcus<br>

:'''Gingival index 3'''  - Severe gingivitis: the gingival margin is very swollen with a red or bluish-red color; there is spontaneous hemorrhage and/or ulceration of the gingival margin

'''Gingival index 2'''  - Moderate gingivitis: the gingival margin is red and swollen; gentle probing of the gingival sulcus results in bleeding<br>

'''Gingival index 3'''  - Severe gingivitis: the gingival margin is very swollen with a red or bluish-red color; there is spontaneous hemorrhage and/or ulceration of the gingival margin

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==Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD)==

==Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD)==