Changes

'''Incisor view in the upper jaw''' - The film is placed with the incisor cusp tips along the short side of the film that has the dimple. The tube is positioned perpendicular to the film when viewed from the front and to bisect the angle when viewed from the side. Large-breed dogs may require a separate radiograph for the third [[Dental Formula - Dog#incisors|incisor teeth]], with the tube-head angled from slightly more lateral when viewed from the front.

'''Incisor view in the upper jaw''' - The film is placed with the incisor cusp tips along the short side of the film that has the dimple. The tube is positioned perpendicular to the film when viewed from the front and to bisect the angle when viewed from the side. Large-breed dogs may require a separate radiograph for the third [[Dental Formula - Dog#incisors|incisor teeth]], with the tube-head angled from slightly more lateral when viewed from the front.

'''Left and right view for each of the canines of the upper jaw''' - Size 4 (occlusal) film in dogs  is helpful to avoid missing the [[[[Enamel Organ#Root|root]] apex. Size 2 film can be used in cats and small dogs. The film is placed horizontally in the mouth with the canine cusp tip on the outside, rostral corner of the film. The tube is positioned to bisect the angle when viewed from the side, and angled laterally from a dorsovental (DV) position when viewed from the front. This projects the [[Enamel Organ#Root|root]] tip to the opposite corner of the film from the cusp tip.

'''Left and right view for each of the canines of the upper jaw''' - Size 4 (occlusal) film in dogs  is helpful to avoid missing the [[Enamel Organ#Root|root]] apex. Size 2 film can be used in cats and small dogs. The film is placed horizontally in the mouth with the canine cusp tip on the outside, rostral corner of the film. The tube is positioned to bisect the angle when viewed from the side, and angled laterally from a dorsovental (DV) position when viewed from the front. This projects the [[Enamel Organ#Root|root]] tip to the opposite corner of the film from the cusp tip.

'''Left and right [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Maxilla|maxillary]] [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolar]] and [[Dental Formula - Dog#Molars|molar]] views''' - The first to third [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolars]] are often included on one image, and a separate radiograph is made of the fourth [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolar]]. On small dogs, it may be possible to include all the [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolars]] on a single radiograph. On cats the [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolars]] and [[Dental Formula - Dog#Molars|molar]] can be included in one image. The tube is positioned to bisect the angle when viewed from the front and perpendicular to the film and alveolar ridge when viewed from the top or side. Tube-shift can be performed  to separate superimposed structures on the image. The alveolar arch curves medially behind the [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolars]] in most dogs. The tube is positioned to bisect the angle when viewed from rostrolateral (from the mesial contact surface of the tooth), and perpendicular to the film, the [[Dental Terminology|buccal]] surface of the [[Dental Formula - Dog#Molars|molars]] and alveolar ridge when viewed from the top.

'''Left and right [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Maxilla|maxillary]] [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolar]] and [[Dental Formula - Dog#Molars|molar]] views''' - The first to third [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolars]] are often included on one image, and a separate radiograph is made of the fourth [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolar]]. On small dogs, it may be possible to include all the [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolars]] on a single radiograph. On cats the [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolars]] and [[Dental Formula - Dog#Molars|molar]] can be included in one image. The tube is positioned to bisect the angle when viewed from the front and perpendicular to the film and alveolar ridge when viewed from the top or side. Tube-shift can be performed  to separate superimposed structures on the image. The alveolar arch curves medially behind the [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolars]] in most dogs. The tube is positioned to bisect the angle when viewed from rostrolateral (from the mesial contact surface of the tooth), and perpendicular to the film, the [[Dental Terminology|buccal]] surface of the [[Dental Formula - Dog#Molars|molars]] and alveolar ridge when viewed from the top.