Changes

*'''Supernumerary roots''' most commonly affect maxillary third premolar teeth in both dogs and cats. Most are not associated with pathology and may be considered a variation of normal. It can be clinically significant if it is associated with [[Periodontal Disease|periodontitis]], and during extraction or endodontic treatment of the tooth.

*'''Supernumerary roots''' most commonly affect maxillary third premolar teeth in both dogs and cats. Most are not associated with pathology and may be considered a variation of normal. It can be clinically significant if it is associated with [[Periodontal Disease|periodontitis]], and during extraction or endodontic treatment of the tooth.

*'''Fusion''' of two tooth germs results in a single large tooth and one fewer tooth in the arch.

*'''Fusion''' of two tooth germs results in a single large tooth and one fewer tooth in the arch.

*'''Gemination''' is the attempt of a single [[Enamel Organ|enamel organ]] to make two teeth. The result is a tooth with two [[Enamel Organ#Crown|crowns]] on one [[Enamel organ#Root|root]]. In single-rooted teeth, this cannot be differentiated from the fusion of the root of a normal tooth with that of a supernumerary tooth. In multirooted teeth, fusion of supernumerary teeth is more apparent. When complete separation forms two teeth from one tooth germ, the result is a type of supernumerary tooth called “twinning”. Supernumerary mandibular fourth premolar tooth are commonly bilateral in cats.

*'''Gemination''' is the attempt of a single [[Enamel Organ|enamel organ]] to make two teeth. The result is a tooth with two [[Enamel Organ#Crown|crowns]] on one [[Enamel Organ#Root|root]]. In single-rooted teeth, this cannot be differentiated from the fusion of the root of a normal tooth with that of a supernumerary tooth. In multirooted teeth, fusion of supernumerary teeth is more apparent. When complete separation forms two teeth from one tooth germ, the result is a type of supernumerary tooth called “twinning”. Supernumerary mandibular fourth premolar tooth are commonly bilateral in cats.

*'''Convergent roots''' occur most commonly on mandibular first molar teeth in small-breed dogs. Affected teeth frequently develop endodontic disease. The clinical crowns of affected molar teeth often appear normal except for a developmental groove close to the mid-buccal gingival margin. Premolar teeth can also have convergent roots, sometimes with incomplete separation of the roots during development.

*'''Convergent roots''' occur most commonly on mandibular first molar teeth in small-breed dogs. Affected teeth frequently develop endodontic disease. The clinical crowns of affected molar teeth often appear normal except for a developmental groove close to the mid-buccal gingival margin. Premolar teeth can also have convergent roots, sometimes with incomplete separation of the roots during development.

*'''Dens in dente''', or '''dens invaginatus''', is an infolding of the developing tooth of varying severity that can result in periodontal problems and endodontic involvement.

*'''Dens in dente''', or '''dens invaginatus''', is an infolding of the developing tooth of varying severity that can result in periodontal problems and endodontic involvement.

*'''Enamel pearls''' are deposits of enamel on the root that sometimes have [[Enamel Organ#Dentin|dentin]] involvement and rarely [[Enamel Organ#Pulp|pulp]] as well. Because the [[Enamel organ#Periodontal Ligament|periodontal ligament]] cannot attach to [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]], they may contribute to [[Periodontal Disease|periodontitis]].

*'''Enamel pearls''' are deposits of enamel on the root that sometimes have [[Enamel Organ#Dentin|dentin]] involvement and rarely [[Enamel Organ#Pulp|pulp]] as well. Because the [[Enamel Organ#Periodontal Ligament|periodontal ligament]] cannot attach to [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]], they may contribute to [[Periodontal Disease|periodontitis]].

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==Abnormal Tooth Number==

==Abnormal Tooth Number==