Changes

==Techniques Used==

==Techniques Used==

*Intra-oral techniques should produce radiographs without superimposition of the contralateral side which occurs if an extraoral technique is used.

*Intra-oral techniques should produce radiographs without superimposition of the contralateral side which occurs if an extraoral technique is used.

*Use the correct size film allowing the best possible positioning.

*Use the correct size film to allow for the best possible positioning.

*Position the film inside the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|mouth]] as close to and as near parallel to the structures to be radiographed without bending the film. This minimizes the risk of distortion.

*Position the film inside the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|mouth]] as close to and as exactly parallel to the structures to be radiographed as possible without bending the film. This minimizes the risk of distortion.

*Use paper towel, foam or cotton-wool behind the film to wedge it and maintain its position.

*Use paper towel, foam or cotton-wool behind the film to wedge it and maintain it in position.

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===1. Parallel Technique===

===1. Parallel Technique===

The parallel technique is used whenever it is technically possible to place the film parallel to the axis of the [[Enamel Organ#Root|tooth roots]]. In dogs and cats, this applies to the distal mandibular [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]]. The film cannot be placed parallel to the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] in the rostral mandibular [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolar]] region due to the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandible (mandibula)|mandibular]] symphysis and angle of the [[Enamel Organ#Root|roots]] relative to the oral surfaces or for any of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Maxilla|maxillary]] [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]].

The parallel technique is used whenever it is technically possible to place the film parallel to the axis of the [[Enamel Organ#Root|tooth roots]]. In dogs and cats, this applies to the distal mandibular [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]]. The film cannot be placed parallel to the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] in the rostral mandibular [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolar]] region due to the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandible (mandibula)|mandibular]] symphysis and angle of the [[Enamel Organ#Root|roots]] relative to the oral surfaces. This is also the case for the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Maxilla|maxillary]] [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]].

*The film is placed parallel to the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]]

*The film is placed parallel to the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]].

*The xray beam is positioned perpendicular to the film and subject.

*The x-ray beam is positioned perpendicular to the film and subject.

*The animal is placed in lateral recumbency with the side to be radiographed uppermost. The intra-oral film is placed [[Dental Terminology|lingual]] to the [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolar]] or [[Dental Formula - Dog#Molars|molar]] with the dimple facing towards the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]]. The film needs to gently be pushed ventrally to get the lower edge of the film as close to the ventral border of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandible (mandibula)|mandible]] as possible.

*The animal is placed in lateral recumbency with the side to be radiographed uppermost. The intra-oral film is placed [[Dental Terminology|lingual]] to the [[Dental Formula - Dog#Premolars|premolar]] or [[Dental Formula - Dog#Molars|molar]] with the dimple facing towards the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]]. The film needs to gently be pushed ventrally to get the lower edge of the film as close to the ventral border of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandible (mandibula)|mandible]] as possible.

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