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| Diseases causing debilitation: [[osteoarthritis]], senile dementia, and sensory loss.
| Diseases causing debilitation: [[osteoarthritis]], senile dementia, and sensory loss.
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| Diseases affecting cognition: cognitive dysfunction syndrome, [[:Category:Central Nervous System - Pathology|CNS pathology]] (primary or secondary to systemic disease).
| Diseases affecting cognition: [[Feline Cognitive Dysfunction|cognitive dysfunction syndrome]], [[:Category:Central Nervous System - Pathology|CNS pathology]] (primary or secondary to systemic disease).
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Cats with [[Inappropriate Elimination - Cat|inappropriate elimination problems]] usually deposit larger volumes of urine at each site than cats with [[Indoor Marking - Cat|marking]] problems. However, cats with LUTD will leo pass only small volumes of urine at each of multiple sites. Likewise, cats with chronic diarrhoea. However, the choice of location will still fit with normal defecation.
Cats with [[Inappropriate Elimination - Cat|inappropriate elimination problems]] usually deposit larger volumes of urine at each site than cats with [[Indoor Marking - Cat|marking]] problems. However, cats with LUTD will leo pass only small volumes of urine at each of multiple sites. Likewise, cats with chronic diarrhoea. However, the choice of location will still fit with normal defecation.
===Posture and Behaviour of the Cat===
===Posture and Behaviour of the Cat===
When cats spray a location, they start by sniffing the spot (and often show a flehmen behaviour). The cat will then back up to the spot and spray urine with the tail erect. The cat often has a glazed look on its face, its tail with twitch and it will paddle with its back feet. This [[Feline Communication Behaviour#Spray Marking|characteristic stance]] is different from urination behaviour, even when cats urinate standing up. Urine marking does not exclusively occur from a standing posture and it can be performed from a squatting position, but with tail movements, and foot paddling that differentiate this form urination.
When cats spray a location, they start by sniffing the spot (and often show a flehmen behaviour). The cat will then back up to the spot and spray urine with the tail erect. The cat often has a glazed look on its face, its tail with twitch and it will paddle with its back feet. This [[Feline Communication Behaviour#Spray Marking|characteristic stance]] is different from urination behaviour, even when cats urinate standing up. Urine marking does not exclusively occur from a standing posture and it can be performed from a squatting position, but with tail movements, and foot paddling that differentiate this form urination.