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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
This [[:Category:Apthoviruses|Apthovirus]] is very small (25nm) +ss RNA virus, unenveloped and has a number a serotypes, namely '''Oise (O), ''''''Allemagne (A), ''''''C (also German), '''South African Territories (SAT) 1, 2, and 3 and India (Asia-1). Each serotype has '''at lease three subtypes. '''Serotype and subtype can be quickly identified by [[ELISA testing|'''ELISA''']] using guinea pig antisera. '''All isolates are virulent'''.
This [[:Category:Apthoviruses|Apthovirus]] is a small (25nm) +ss RNA virus, unenveloped and has 7 serotypes, namely '''Oise (O), ''''''Allemagne (A), ''''''C (also German), '''South African Territories (SAT) 1, 2, and 3 and Asia-1.
This disease affects all '''cloven-hoofed animals, '''namely cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, deer, elephants and other wild ruminants such as buffalo and kudu etc. It does NOT afferct the horse. The main presentation of the disease is the formation of '''vesicles'''.
This disease affects all '''cloven-hoofed animals, '''namely cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, deer, elephants and other wild ruminants such as buffalo and kudu etc. It does NOT afferct the horse. The main presentation of the disease is the formation of '''vesicles'''.
== Control ==
== Control ==
Recovered animals show immunity ONLY to the subtype of first exposure, and even this is relatively short-lived, therefore re-exposure to the original serotype after immunity has waned will still result in virus excretion, even without clinical symptoms. Infection by a second serotype will result in clinical disease. It is for these reasons, that '''vaccination is not practiced''' in the UK. Further, vaccination would mean a loss of meat export markets.
Recovered animals show immunity ONLY to the serotype of first exposure, and even this is relatively short-lived, therefore re-exposure to the original serotype after immunity has waned will still result in virus excretion, even without clinical symptoms. Infection by a second serotype will result in clinical disease. It is for these reasons, that '''vaccination is not practiced''' in the UK. Further, vaccination would mean a loss of meat export markets.
===== Prevention in the UK =====
===== Prevention in the UK =====