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| ==Adverse Effects<ref>Wiersma, J., Honig, A. & Peters, F. P. J. (2000). Clomipramine-induced allergic hepatitis: a case report. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice 4, 69–71.</ref>== | | ==Adverse Effects<ref>Wiersma, J., Honig, A. & Peters, F. P. J. (2000). Clomipramine-induced allergic hepatitis: a case report. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice 4, 69–71.</ref>== |
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| + | The main adverse effects of this class of drugs is mediated through their effect on histamine and Ach receptors. |
| + | {| class="wikitable" |
| + | |- |
| + | ! H<sub>1</sub> Blockade !! Ach (Muscarinic) Blockade |
| + | |- |
| + | | Sedation, hypotension, increased appetite, weight gain, anti-allergic activity || Delirium, hyperthermia, insomnia, seizure induction, tachycardia, constipation, decreased bronchial secretion, blurred vision, narrow angle glaucoma (exacerbation), photophobia, dry mouth |
| + | |} |
| + | Amitriptyline also antagonises α2-adrenoceptors, which can lead to agitation and tachycardia. |
| + | TCAs can also cause loss of libido (breeding animals) and mild corneal drying. They can cause galactorrhea through increased prolactin secretion (especially in cats). |
| + | |
| + | Finally, those TCAs that depend upon NorAdrenaline reuptake inhibition for a part of their effect are sometimes associated with explosive emotional reactions including aggression. They should be used with some care. |
| + | |
| There are large differences in selectivity of re-uptakje inhibitor drugs, as can be seen in the following table. | | There are large differences in selectivity of re-uptakje inhibitor drugs, as can be seen in the following table. |
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| The blocking ratio indicates the relative effect of the agent on reuptake of 5-HT vs. noradrenaline. Fluoxetine is 3 times more selective for 5-HT than clomipramine. Clomipramine was the first TCA whose ratio favours 5-HT reuptake inhibition, and hence its title of non-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI). The level of anticholinergic effect is usually also decreased with increasing serotonergic selectivity. | | The blocking ratio indicates the relative effect of the agent on reuptake of 5-HT vs. noradrenaline. Fluoxetine is 3 times more selective for 5-HT than clomipramine. Clomipramine was the first TCA whose ratio favours 5-HT reuptake inhibition, and hence its title of non-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI). The level of anticholinergic effect is usually also decreased with increasing serotonergic selectivity. |
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− | {| class="wikitable"
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− | |-
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− | ! H<sub>1</sub> Blockade !! Ach (Muscarinic) Blockade
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− | |-
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− | | Sedation, hypotension, increased appetite, weight gain, anti-allergic activity || Delirium, hyperthermia, insomnia, seizure induction, tachycardia, constipation, decreased bronchial secretion, blurred vision, narrow angle glaucoma (exacerbation), photophobia, dry mouth
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− | |}
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− | Amitriptyline also antagonises α2-adrenoceptors, which can lead to agitation and tachycardia.
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− | TCAs can also cause loss of libido (breeding animals) and mild corneal drying. They can cause galactorrhea through increased prolactin secretion (especially in cats).
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− |
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− | Finally, those TCAs that depend upon NorAdrenaline reuptake inhibition for a part of their effect are sometimes associated with explosive emotional reactions including aggression. They should be used with some care.
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| '''Caution should be taken if the animal suffers from any of the following pre-existing medical conditions:''' | | '''Caution should be taken if the animal suffers from any of the following pre-existing medical conditions:''' |