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→Types of Crystalloids
===0.9% Sodium Chloride===
===0.9% Sodium Chloride===
Also known as ''normal saline'', 0.9% sodium chloride is often used as a replacement solution. It contains no further electrolytes. It has a higher chloride concentration then plasma. This can lead to a hyperchloremic acidosis which is unlikely to cause any problems in healthy patients but may cause further issues in compromised patients.
Also known as ''normal saline'', 0.9% sodium chloride is often used as a replacement solution. It contains no further electrolytes. It has a higher chloride concentration than plasma. This can lead to a hyperchloremic acidosis which is unlikely to cause any problems in healthy patients but may cause further issues in compromised patients.
===Hartmanns/Lactated Ringers===
===Hartmanns/Lactated Ringers===
''Hartmanns'' or ''Lactated Ringers Solution'' (LRS) is a balanced electrolyte solution. It also contains lactate which aids correction of acidosis. It also contains potassium and calcium. It also has a lower sodium concentration then plasma. Due to the calcium, it is not possible to administer LRS with blood products or sodium bicarbonate as it leads to clot/crystal formation. It is commonly used as a maintenance solution.
''Hartmanns'' or ''Lactated Ringers Solution'' (LRS) is a balanced electrolyte solution. It also contains lactate which aids correction of acidosis. It also contains potassium and calcium. It also has a lower sodium concentration than plasma. Due to the calcium, it is not possible to administer LRS with blood products or sodium bicarbonate as it leads to clot/crystal formation. It is commonly used as a maintenance solution.
===5% Dextrose===
===5% Dextrose===
''5% Dextrose'' consists of dextrose in water, and no electrolytes. It is rarely indicated for use during surgeries. It should not be used in patients thought to have cerebral injuries due to the deterimental affects the glucose will have.
''5% Dextrose'' consists of dextrose in water, and no electrolytes. It is rarely indicated for use during surgeries. It should not be used in patients thought to have cerebral injuries due to the deterimental effects the glucose will have.
===Hypertonic saline===
===Hypertonic saline===