| In animals with skeletal abnormalities, <span style="color:red">radiography can be used to assess bone density (Dan to provide image)</span>. Assessment of total blood calcium and iCa is also required. Normal total blood calcium in dogs ranges from 2.2-3.8 mmol/L [9.0-11.5 mg/dL] and 2.0-2.6 mmol/L [8.0-10.5 mg/dL] in cats, respectively. In dogs, the iCa range is 1.2-1.5 mmol/L and for cats it ranges from 1.1-1.4 mmol/L<ref>Schenck, PA, Chew, DJ, Nagode, LA, Rosol, TJ. (2012). “Disorders of Calcium: Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia. In: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders, 4th Edition. Dibartola SP (Editor). Sanders Elsevier St Louis, MO pp 120-194.</ref>. | | In animals with skeletal abnormalities, <span style="color:red">radiography can be used to assess bone density (Dan to provide image)</span>. Assessment of total blood calcium and iCa is also required. Normal total blood calcium in dogs ranges from 2.2-3.8 mmol/L [9.0-11.5 mg/dL] and 2.0-2.6 mmol/L [8.0-10.5 mg/dL] in cats, respectively. In dogs, the iCa range is 1.2-1.5 mmol/L and for cats it ranges from 1.1-1.4 mmol/L<ref>Schenck, PA, Chew, DJ, Nagode, LA, Rosol, TJ. (2012). “Disorders of Calcium: Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia. In: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders, 4th Edition. Dibartola SP (Editor). Sanders Elsevier St Louis, MO pp 120-194.</ref>. |