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#'''Faeces''': Water that enters the gastrointestinal tract (either through diet, voluntary intake, or endogenous secretions) is effectively reabsorbed through both the small and large intestines. Compromised function (vomiting, diarrhoea) can result in excess water loss.
#'''Faeces''': Water that enters the gastrointestinal tract (either through diet, voluntary intake, or endogenous secretions) is effectively reabsorbed through both the small and large intestines. Compromised function (vomiting, diarrhoea) can result in excess water loss.
#'''Respiratory Epithelium''': Respiratory water loss will fluctuate depending on ambient temperature, humidity, and activity. At higher temperatures dogs will increase respiratory rate by 12-20 times and cats by 4.5 times<ref name="Wellman"/> to facilitate cooling, which correlates with an average loss of 469 ml/day for a panting dog versus 41 ml/day for an average cat. Dogs at rest in a thermoneutral environment will have an evaporative loss of <1 ml/kg/hr, while during periods of activity losses can reach up to 7 ml/kg/hr<ref name="Caldwell">Caldwell GT. Studies in water metabolism of the cat. Physiol Zool 1931;4:324-359.</ref>.
#'''Respiratory Epithelium''': Respiratory water loss will fluctuate depending on ambient temperature, humidity, and activity. At higher temperatures dogs will increase respiratory rate by 12-20 times and cats by 4.5 times<ref name="Wellman"/> to facilitate cooling, which correlates with an average loss of 469 ml/day for a panting dog versus 41 ml/day for an average cat. Dogs at rest in a thermoneutral environment will have an evaporative loss of <1 ml/kg/hr, while during periods of activity losses can reach up to 7 ml/kg/hr<ref name="Caldwell">Caldwell GT. Studies in water metabolism of the cat. Physiol Zool 1931;4:324-359.</ref>.
#Cutaneous Evaporation: Cutaneous evaporation is not considered a significant source of water loss in dogs and cats as sweat glands are limited to the foot pads.
#'''Cutaneous Evaporation''': Cutaneous evaporation is not considered a significant source of water loss in dogs and cats as sweat glands are limited to the foot pads.
====Factors that Affect Water Intake:====
====Factors that Affect Water Intake:====