Changes

Pheromones are natural substances produced and excreted by cats that alter emotional states and behaviour<ref>Kelliher, K.R. The combined role of the main olfactory and vomeronasal systems in social communication in mammals. Horm Behav 2007; 52:561-70</ref>. Pheromones may be used to reduce problem behaviour in cats, either using synthetic analogues of natural pheromones or scent collected directly from pheromone producing parts of the cat (face and flanks).  

Pheromones are natural substances produced and excreted by cats that alter emotional states and behaviour<ref>Kelliher, K.R. The combined role of the main olfactory and vomeronasal systems in social communication in mammals. Horm Behav 2007; 52:561-70</ref>. Pheromones may be used to reduce problem behaviour in cats, either using synthetic analogues of natural pheromones or scent collected directly from pheromone producing parts of the cat (face and flanks).  

The commonest commercially available preparations include a synthetic analogue of the F3 fraction of feline facial marking pheromone. It is claimed that the effect of pheromones on distinct behaviours can be explained by stress reduction<ref>Paget P. and Gaultier E. 2003. Current research in canine and feline pheromones. Vet Clin N Am-Small 33:201-208</ref>. In contrast to pharmacological treatment of behavioural conditions pheromones apparently have no side effects. Synthetic pheromones can be used externally in the form of either a diffuser or spray. The simultaneous use of pheromonotherapy and anti-anxiety medications may produce a faster resolution of conditions than if either were to be used alone. Pheromonotherapy can also be a useful adjunct for treatment of behavioural problems in older pets, or those with already existing medical conditions where pharmacological treatment may cause adverse effects due to interactions with existing medication. In addition there is no minimum recommended age for the use of pheromones in young pets.

The commonest commercially available preparations include a synthetic analogue of the F3 fraction of feline facial marking pheromone. It is claimed that the effect of pheromones on distinct behaviours can be explained by stress reduction<ref>Pageat P. and Gaultier E. 2003. Current research in canine and feline pheromones. Vet Clin N Am-Small 33:201-208</ref>. In contrast to pharmacological treatment of behavioural conditions pheromones apparently have no side effects. Synthetic pheromones can be used externally in the form of either a diffuser or spray. The simultaneous use of pheromonotherapy and anti-anxiety medications may produce a faster resolution of conditions than if either were to be used alone. Pheromonotherapy can also be a useful adjunct for treatment of behavioural problems in older pets, or those with already existing medical conditions where pharmacological treatment may cause adverse effects due to interactions with existing medication. In addition there is no minimum recommended age for the use of pheromones in young pets.

==F3==

==F3==