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==Toxicity==
==Toxicity==
====Dog:====
====Dog:====
The main adverse effect of excessive sodium intake is an '''increased potassium excretion resulting in a negative potassium balance'''. A sodium content of 2.9% DM fed to adult dogs caused vomiting and food aversion<ref>Zentek, J, Meyer, H (1995). “Normal handling of diets – Are all dogs created equal?”. J. Sm. Anim. Pract. 36:354-359. </ref>. However, given an adequate supply of water, dogs can cope with a wide range of sodium intakes and dietary levels up to 1.5% DM are deemed acceptable<ref>Boemke, W, Palm, U, Kaczmarczyk, G, Reinhardt, H (1990). “Effect of high sodium and high water intake on 24-h potassium balance in dogs”. J. Exper. Anim. Sci. 33:179-185.</ref>.
The main adverse effect of excessive sodium intake is an '''increased potassium excretion resulting in a negative potassium balance'''. A sodium content of 2.9% DM fed to adult dogs caused [[vomiting]] and food aversion<ref>Zentek, J, Meyer, H (1995). “Normal handling of diets – Are all dogs created equal?”. J. Sm. Anim. Pract. 36:354-359. </ref>. However, given an adequate supply of water, dogs can cope with a wide range of sodium intakes and dietary levels up to 1.5% DM are deemed acceptable<ref>Boemke, W, Palm, U, Kaczmarczyk, G, Reinhardt, H (1990). “Effect of high sodium and high water intake on 24-h potassium balance in dogs”. J. Exper. Anim. Sci. 33:179-185.</ref>.
====Cat:====
====Cat:====
There is little if any information on the adverse effects of high sodium intakes in cats. Yu et al.<ref>Yu, S, Rogers, Q, Morris, J (1997). “Absence of salt (NaCl) preference or appetite in sodium-replete or depleted kittens”. Appetite 29:1-10.</ref> reported that, although kittens showed an aversion to a diet containing sodium at 1% DM when given a choice, they consumed it in normal amounts with no adverse effects when it was the only diet available. Burger<ref>Burger, I (1979). “Water balance in the dog and cat”. Pedigree Digest 6:10-11.</ref> reported that adult cats receiving dietary sodium up to 1.5% DM showed no abnormalities. These values are similar to those reported for dogs and, as with dogs, assume adequate amounts of water are available.
There is little if any information on the adverse effects of high sodium intakes in cats. Yu et al.<ref>Yu, S, Rogers, Q, Morris, J (1997). “Absence of salt (NaCl) preference or appetite in sodium-replete or depleted kittens”. Appetite 29:1-10.</ref> reported that, although kittens showed an aversion to a diet containing sodium at 1% DM when given a choice, they consumed it in normal amounts with no adverse effects when it was the only diet available. Burger<ref>Burger, I (1979). “Water balance in the dog and cat”. Pedigree Digest 6:10-11.</ref> reported that adult cats receiving dietary sodium up to 1.5% DM showed no abnormalities. These values are similar to those reported for dogs and, as with dogs, assume adequate amounts of water are available.