Changes

===Recognised Syndromes related to Manganese Deficiency===

===Recognised Syndromes related to Manganese Deficiency===

====Dog and Cat:====

====Dog and Cat:====

Although there are no specific data on dogs and cats, from studies in other mammals there are basically two main aspects of manganese deficiency:

Although there are no specific data on dogs and cats, from studies in other mammals there are basically two main aspects of manganese deficiency:

#'''Retarded bone growth:''' Manganese deficiency affects new-born and growing animals where it causes shortening and bowing of the forelimbs. In adult animals lameness and enlarged joints can occur. In poultry it causes slipped tendon or perosis. These effects appear to be due to faults in bone formation resulting from dysfunction of manganese-containing enzymes involved in cartilage synthesis<ref name="Hurley"/>.

#'''Retarded bone growth:''' Manganese deficiency affects new-born and growing animals where it causes shortening and bowing of the forelimbs. In adult animals lameness and enlarged joints can occur. In poultry it causes slipped tendon or perosis. These effects appear to be due to faults in bone formation resulting from dysfunction of manganese-containing enzymes involved in cartilage synthesis<ref name="Hurley"/>.

#'''Reproductive failure:''' A lack of manganese has serious effects on reproduction, including poor conception, increased rates of abortion and stillbirths. 

#'''Reproductive failure:''' A lack of manganese has serious effects on reproduction, including poor conception, increased rates of abortion and stillbirths.