Changes

====Cats and Carbohydrates:====  

====Cats and Carbohydrates:====  

Cats are able to digest and absorb dietary sugars and starches well<ref name="Morris" /> but have low glucokinase activity in the liver<ref>Tanaka A, ''et al.'' (2005)''' Comparison of expression of glucokinase gene and activities of enzymes related to glucose metabolism in livers between dog and cat. '''''Vet Res Commun ''2005;29:477-485. </ref> and do not adapt carbohydrate metabolism to dietary intake.<ref>Buddington RK, ''et al.'' (1991) '''Dietary regulation of intestinal brush-border sugar and amino acid transport in carnivores.''''' Am J Physiol ''1991;261:R793–801.</ref> There has been controversy over the role of dietary carbohydrate in development of obesity and [[DM|diabetes mellitus]] in cats but carbohydrate intake has not been shown to be a risk factor in development of obesity,<ref> Backus RC, ''et al.'' (2007)''' Gonadectomy and high dietary fat but not high dietary carbohydrate induce gains in body weight and fat of domestic cats.''''' Br J Nutr ''2007;98:641-650.</ref> hyperglycaemia<ref>Hoenig M, ''et al.'' (2012)''' Evaluation of long-term glucose homeostasis in lean and obese cats using continuous glucose monitoring.''''' AJVR'' 2012:73:1100-1106.</ref> or [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mellitus]]<ref>Verbrugghe A,'' et al.'' (2012)''' Nutritional modulation of insulin resistance in the true carnivorous cat: a review. '''''Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr'' 2012;52:172–182.</ref> in otherwise healthy adult cats.

Cats are able to digest and absorb dietary sugars and starches well<ref name="Morris" /> but have low glucokinase activity in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]<ref>Tanaka A, ''et al.'' (2005)''' Comparison of expression of glucokinase gene and activities of enzymes related to glucose metabolism in livers between dog and cat. '''''Vet Res Commun ''2005;29:477-485. </ref> and do not adapt carbohydrate metabolism to dietary intake.<ref>Buddington RK, ''et al.'' (1991) '''Dietary regulation of intestinal brush-border sugar and amino acid transport in carnivores.''''' Am J Physiol ''1991;261:R793–801.</ref> There has been controversy over the role of dietary carbohydrate in development of obesity and [[DM|diabetes mellitus]] in cats but carbohydrate intake has not been shown to be a risk factor in development of obesity,<ref> Backus RC, ''et al.'' (2007)''' Gonadectomy and high dietary fat but not high dietary carbohydrate induce gains in body weight and fat of domestic cats.''''' Br J Nutr ''2007;98:641-650.</ref> hyperglycaemia<ref>Hoenig M, ''et al.'' (2012)''' Evaluation of long-term glucose homeostasis in lean and obese cats using continuous glucose monitoring.''''' AJVR'' 2012:73:1100-1106.</ref> or [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mellitus]]<ref>Verbrugghe A,'' et al.'' (2012)''' Nutritional modulation of insulin resistance in the true carnivorous cat: a review. '''''Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr'' 2012;52:172–182.</ref> in otherwise healthy adult cats.

==Consequences of Deficiency==

==Consequences of Deficiency==