Changes

==Roles in the Body==

==Roles in the Body==

Increasing viscosity of ingesta will slow transit out of the [[Monogastric Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] and through the [[:Category:Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]<ref>Bueno L, et al. Effect of dietary fiber on gastrointestinal motility and jejunal transit time in dogs. Gastroenter 1980;80:701-707.</ref><ref>Lewis LD, et al. Stool characteristics, transit time, and nutrient digestibility in dogs fed different fiber sources. J Nutr 1994;124:2716S-2718S.</ref>. This can promote a feeling of satiety, but can also delay or hinder nutrient absorption. The presence of viscous fibres can interfere with [[Digestibility of Fat|fat absorption]]<ref>Muir HE, et al. Nutrient digestion by ileal cannulated dogs as affected by dietary fibers with various fermentation characteristics. J Anim Sci 1996;74:1641-8.</ref><ref name="Mimura">Mimura K, et al. Impact of commercially available diabetic prescription diets on short term postprandial serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and free fatty acid concentrations of obese cats. J Vet Med Sci 2013;75:929-937.</ref> and can slow [[Digestibility of Carbohydrates|starch digestion]] and glucose absorption, dampening post-prandial rises in blood sugar<ref name="Mimura"/><ref>Nguyen P, et al. Glycemic and insulinemic response after ingestion of commercial foods in healthy dogs: Influence of food composition. J Nutr 1998;128:2654S-2658S.</ref>.

Increasing viscosity of ingesta will slow transit out of the [[Monogastric Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] and through the [[:Category:Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]<ref>Bueno L, et al. Effect of dietary fiber on gastrointestinal motility and jejunal transit time in dogs. Gastroenter 1980;80:701-707.</ref><ref>Lewis LD, et al. Stool characteristics, transit time, and nutrient digestibility in dogs fed different fiber sources. J Nutr 1994;124:2716S-2718S.</ref>. This can promote a feeling of satiety, but can also delay or hinder nutrient absorption. The presence of viscous fibres can interfere with [[Digestibility of Fat|fat absorption]]<ref>Muir HE, et al. Nutrient digestion by ileal cannulated dogs as affected by dietary fibers with various fermentation characteristics. J Anim Sci 1996;74:1641-8.</ref><ref name="Mimura">Mimura K, et al. Impact of commercially available [[DM|diabetic]] prescription diets on short term postprandial serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and free fatty acid concentrations of obese cats. J Vet Med Sci 2013;75:929-937.</ref> and can slow [[Digestibility of Carbohydrates|starch digestion]] and glucose absorption, dampening post-prandial rises in blood sugar<ref name="Mimura"/><ref>Nguyen P, et al. Glycemic and insulinemic response after ingestion of commercial foods in healthy dogs: Influence of food composition. J Nutr 1998;128:2654S-2658S.</ref>.

Fermentable dietary fibres are utilized by bacteria within the large intestine to produce H₂ (hydrogen gas), CO₂ (carbon dioxide), CH₄ (methane), and the short-chain fatty acids, acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Acetate and propionate are rapidly absorbed across the large intestinal mucosa with [[Sodium - Nutrition|sodium]] (Na²⁺) and are responsible for water absorption in the [[:Category:Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]]<ref>Herschel DA, et al. Absorption of volatile fatty acids and H2O by the colon of the dog. AJVR 1981;42:1118-1124.</ref>. Acetate and propionate can then be further utilized by the host animal, and can contribute up to 10% of energy intake<ref>Rerat A. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and nitrogenous matters in the hindgut of the ombivorous nonruminant animal. J Anim Sci 1978;46:1808-1837.</ref>. Butyrate remains in the large intestine where it is used as the preferred energy substrate by colonocytes. Increased intake of fermentable fibre has been shown to increase colonic weight and villus height in dogs<ref>Reinhart GA, et al. Source of dietary fiber and its effects on colonic microstructure, function and histopathology of beagle dogs. J Nutr 1994;124:2701S-2703S.</ref>.

Fermentable dietary fibres are utilized by bacteria within the large intestine to produce H₂ (hydrogen gas), CO₂ (carbon dioxide), CH₄ (methane), and the short-chain fatty acids, acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Acetate and propionate are rapidly absorbed across the large intestinal mucosa with [[Sodium - Nutrition|sodium]] (Na²⁺) and are responsible for water absorption in the [[:Category:Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]]<ref>Herschel DA, et al. Absorption of volatile fatty acids and H2O by the colon of the dog. AJVR 1981;42:1118-1124.</ref>. Acetate and propionate can then be further utilized by the host animal, and can contribute up to 10% of energy intake<ref>Rerat A. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and nitrogenous matters in the hindgut of the ombivorous nonruminant animal. J Anim Sci 1978;46:1808-1837.</ref>. Butyrate remains in the large intestine where it is used as the preferred energy substrate by colonocytes. Increased intake of fermentable fibre has been shown to increase colonic weight and villus height in dogs<ref>Reinhart GA, et al. Source of dietary fiber and its effects on colonic microstructure, function and histopathology of beagle dogs. J Nutr 1994;124:2701S-2703S.</ref>.