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→Administration of Blood products: added detail on transfusion
==Administration of Blood products==
==Administration of Blood products==
Are normally administered intravenously however if this is not possible then the intraosseous route can be used. Plasma products need to be thawed prior to administration, red blood cell products can normally be given straight away. An in-line filter is required for all blood products.
Are normally administered intravenously however if this is not possible then the intraosseous route can be used. Plasma products need to be thawed prior to administration, red blood cell products can normally be given straight away. An in-line filter is required for all blood products.
Pre-treatment with an anti-histamine SQ is typically standard (2mg/kg Diphenhydramine, 0.5mg/kg Chlorphineramine).
The rate the transfusion should be administered also varies but generally can be started at 0.25-1.0ml/kg for the first 20 minutes and can then be increased if no problems are encountered.
The rate the transfusion should be administered also varies but generally can be started at 0.25-1.0ml/kg for the first 20 minutes and can then be increased if no problems are encountered.
Or:
0.5mls/kg 1st 15 min
1ml/kg 2nd 15 min
Total volume to be delivered over the next 4 hours to avoid bacterial growth.
Signs of a reaction include: spike in temperature, panting, elevated HR, collapse, vomiting, diarrhea, pale gums.
Maximum rate is 5mls/kg/hr in most cases but can be given at 10ml/kg/hr in an emergency
The amount of product to give will vary on the patient's state, the product being used and the response to the product.
The amount of product to give will vary on the patient's state, the product being used and the response to the product.
Generally the [[Packed Cell Volume|PCV]] will increase by 1% for every 10-22ml/kg administered.
Generally the [[Packed Cell Volume|PCV]] will increase by 1% for every 1ml/kg of body weight for pRBC given or 1% for every 1ml/lb of whole blood given.
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