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Equine Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 11:25, 12 July 2008
, 11:25, 12 July 2008no edit summary
<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Hindgut Fermenters - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO HINDGUT FERMENTERS- ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Hindgut Fermenters - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO HINDGUT FERMENTERS- ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
==Introduction==
==Caecum==
*On the right side of the abdomen.
*Very large, roughly 1m in length with a 30L capacity.
*Consists of a base, body and apex (blind ending).
*The base lies in the right dorsal part of the abdomen in contact with the abdominal roof.
*Apex lies on the ventral abdominal wall, and terminates at the level of the xiphoid cartilage.
*Exists at the junction with the ileum and colon.
**The '''caecocolic orifice''' is where the caecum opens into the ascending colon. This exists as a transverse slit formed by a constriction of the ascending colon.
**The ileum opens into the caecum at the '''ileal papilla'''. This is a small projection into the caecum housing the ileal sphincter and venous plexus that, together, control the ileal orifice.
*Taenia are present.
**Taenia are formed by concentration of the ''longitudinal'' muscle layer.
**Between the taenia are sacculations, or haustra.
**Haustra appear as folds on the interior surface.
***There are '''four''' taenia over the caecum: -dorsal - ventral - lateral -medial.
***The ''dorsal'' taenia provides the attachment site for the ileocaecal fold, which joins the caecum to the ileum.
***The ''lateral'' taenia provides the attachment site for the caecocolic fold, which joins the caecum to the ascending colon.
***The ''ventral'' taenia is free.
***The ''medial'' and ''lateral'' taenia are where the caecal vessels and lymph nodes are located.
In the horse, the caecum is responsible for the digestion of complex carbohydrates such as cellulose. Ingesta is regularly transported from the ileum to the caecum, this movement can be heard upon auscultation of the right dorsal quadrant of the caudal abdomen. Ausculatation of this area is carried out in assesment of colic.
==Colon==
*Has a very large ascending colon.
*Taenia present.
==Rectal Palpation==