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==Function==
==Function==
*
*Production of bile
*Nearly all the blood circulated around the adbomen flows back through the portal vein to the liver where it comes in contact with the liver cells, ensuring the products of digestion are presented to the hepatic cells before entering the general circulation.
*Protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism
**70-80% hepatic portal vein (nutrient rich)
**70-80% hepatic portal vein (nutrient rich)
**20-30% hepatic artery (oxygen rich)
**20-30% hepatic artery (oxygen rich)
*Larege blood supply
*Hepatic artery
*Branch of the caeliac artery
*Portal vein
**Formed by tributaries draining the spleen, pancreas and digestive tract
*Intrahepatic arteries combine with portal vein branches to supply the connective tissue and hepatic sinusoids of the liver
*Blood flows from the portal areas into the central vein
*Blood flows from the portal areas into the central vein
*Central vein lined by simple squamous epithelium
*Central vein lined by simple squamous epithelium
*the ile duct, blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the liver at the hepatic porta
*the bile duct, blood vessels (including the important hepatic vein) and nerves enter and leave the liver at the hepatic porta
*Blood from the central vein open into the caudal vena cava
*Liver circulation controlled by interarterial, intervenous and arteriovenous, by sphincter mechanisms allowing carefull reglulation
==Innervation==
*Sympathetic nerves from periarterial plexuses
*
*Parasympathetic nerves from vagal trunk
*Kupfer macrophages present near the lining of the sinusoids
*Kupfer macrophages present near the lining of the sinusoids
==Hepatic Duct Systems==
*Canaliculi within lobules
*Canaliculi opein into larger ductules then into a few large hapatic ducts
*Before and shortly after leaving the hepatic porta the ducts combine into a single trunk which runs to the [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]
*The cystic duct runs from common trunk to the [[Gall Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|gall bladder]] transporting bile from the liver to the [[Gall Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|gall bladder]]
*Distal to the cystic duct is the bile duct (ductus choledochus) which transports bile from the gall bladder into the [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]
*Both left and right lobes subdivided
*Both left and right lobes subdivided
*Complete obstruction of the hepatic artery is fatal
===Equine===
===Equine===