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== Additives ==

== Additives ==

Within the EU, Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition provides for 4 categories of additives (1-4), each of which contain functional groups (Table 2). More categories may be added over time. Vitamins and trace elements are considered additives and, therefore, are not listed under composition.

Within the EU, Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003<ref name="Regulation 1831">Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition. OJ. L 268, 18/10/2003 p. 29-43.</ref> on additives for use in animal nutrition provides for 4 categories of additives (1-4), each of which contain functional groups (Table 2). More categories may be added over time. Vitamins and trace elements are considered additives and, therefore, are not listed under composition.

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!colspan="2" bgcolor="#97C7F7"|Table 2 - Categories (1-4) and examples of functional groups of additives.

!colspan="4" bgcolor="#97C7F7"|Table 2 - Categories (1-4) and examples of functional groups of additives.

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!colspan="2" align="left" width="100%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>1) Technological Additives</i>

!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>1) Technological Additives</i>

!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>3) Nutritional Additives</i>

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!width="10%"|

!width="5%"|

!align="left" width="90%"|a. Preservatives

!align="left" width="45%"|a. Preservatives

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!width="10%"|

!width="5%"|

!align="left" width="90%"|b. Antioxidants

!align="left" width="45%"|b. Antioxidants

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!width="10%"|

!width="5%"|

!align="left" width="90%"|c. Emulsifiers

!align="left" width="45%"|c. Emulsifiers

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!width="10%"|

!width="5%"|

!align="left" width="90%"|d. Stabilisers

!align="left" width="45%"|d. Stabilisers

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!width="10%"|

!width="10%"|

!align="left" width="90%"|e. Thickeners

!align="left" width="90%"|e. Thickeners

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!width="10%"|

!width="5%"|

!align="left" width="90%"|f. Gelling agents

!align="left" width="45%"|f. Gelling agents

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!width="10%"|

!width="5%"|

!align="left" width="90%"|e. Binders

!align="left" width="45%"|e. Binders

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!colspan="2" align="left" width="100%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>2) Sensory Additives</i>

!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>2) Sensory Additives</i>

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!width="10%"|

!width="5%"|

!align="left" width="90%"|a. Colourants

!align="left" width="45%"|a. Colourants

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!width="10%"|

!width="5%"|

!align="left" width="90%"|b. Flavouring compounds

!align="left" width="45%"|b. Flavouring compounds

!width="5%"|

!align="left" width="45%"|

!width="10%"|

!align="left" width="90%"|d. Urea and its derivatives

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=== Which Additives Must Be Declared on the Label? ===

=== Which Additives Must Be Declared on the Label? ===

According to Regulation 767/2009<ref name = "Regulation 767" />, the following additives have to be declared if added by the manufacturer:

According to Regulation 767/2009<ref name = "Regulation 767" />, the following additives have to be declared if added by the manufacturer:

* Additives where a maximum content is set for any kind of target species (see Register of additives for links to authorising legislation). This means that, for example, if an additive has a maximum inclusion level for calves, it has to be declared also on the label of cat foods, if added. This is because pet foods and livestock feed are regulated by the same legislation.

* Additives where a maximum content is set for any kind of target species <font color="red">(see Register of additives for links to authorising legislation).</font> This means that, for example, if an additive has a maximum inclusion level for calves, it has to be declared also on the label of cat foods, if added. This is because pet foods and livestock feed are regulated by the same legislation.

* Additives belonging to the categories:

:* Additives belonging to the categories:

::* Zootechnical additives

:::* Zootechnical additives

::* Coccidiostats & histomonostats

:::* Coccidiostats & histomonostats

::* Additives belonging to the functional group ‘urea & derivatives’

:* Additives belonging to the functional group ‘urea & derivatives’

::* Any other additive if its presence is emphasized on the label, whether in words, picture or graphic.

:* Any other additive if its presence is emphasized on the label, whether in words, picture or graphic.

=== How Additives Must Be Declared: ===

=== How Additives Must Be Declared: ===

The specific name of the additive as defined in the relevant legal act authorising the additive and/or its identification number* must be declared in a list preceded by the name of the functional group or category to which they belong (Table 2). In addition to the name, the added amount of the additive must be declared. The list of additives has to be preceded by the heading ‘additives’.

The specific name of the additive as defined in the relevant legal act authorising the additive and/or its identification number* must be declared in a list preceded by the name of the functional group or category to which they belong (Table 2). In addition to the name, the added amount of the additive must be declared. The list of additives has to be preceded by the heading ‘additives’.

*N.B. Since the beginning of the reauthorisation of feed additives under Regulation 1831/2003 as amended, E numbers are being replaced with new identification numbers.

*N.B. Since the beginning of the reauthorisation of feed additives under Regulation 1831/2003<ref name="Regulation 1831" /> as amended, E numbers are being replaced with new identification numbers.

=== Derogations ===

=== Derogations ===