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Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 15:07, 16 July 2008
, 15:07, 16 July 2008no edit summary
<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO SMALL INTESTINE - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY]]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO SMALL INTESTINE - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY]]</center></big>
==Introduction==
The duodenum is the proximal part of the small intestine and extends from the pylorus of the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] to the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]. It has descending and ascending portions and both portions have digestive and absorptive functions.
==Structure==
==Structure==
*It has a sigmoid flexure upon leaving the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]].
*It has a sigmoid flexure upon leaving the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]].
*The descending duodenum passes out of the pylorus of the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] (on the right side of the abdomen) and has a sigmoid flexure. It passes towards the right abdominal wall and rises dorsally. In its passage it is related dorsally to the right lobe of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]], ventrally to the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] and medially to the ascending colon and caecum.
**At a point between the right [[Kidney - Comparative Anatomy & Physiology|kidney]] and pelvic inlet it turns medially and cranially around the root of the mesentry to become the ascending duodenum. The point of turn is called the ''caudal flexure'' of the duodenum.
**At a point between the right [[Kidney - Comparative Anatomy & Physiology|kidney]] and pelvic inlet it turns medially and cranially around the root of the mesentry to become the ascending duodenum. The point of turn is called the ''caudal flexure'' of the duodenum.
**The ascending duodenum is shorter and bends ventrally to enter the mesentery and becomes the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]].
**The ascending duodenum is shorter and bends ventrally to enter the mesentery and becomes the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]].
*The cranial part of the descending duodenum is attached to the liver by the '''hepatoduodenal ligament'''. This is a remnant of the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|ventral mesogastrium]] in the embryo.
*The cranial part of the descending duodenum is attached to the liver by the '''hepatoduodenal ligament'''. This is a remnant of the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|ventral mesogastrium]] in the embryo.
**The bile duct runs within the hepatoduodenal ligament.
**The bile duct runs within the hepatoduodenal ligament.
==Vasculature==
==Vasculature==