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** Dead sperm are therefore identified and rejected.
 
** Dead sperm are therefore identified and rejected.
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* Once spermatozoa enter the flow cytometer chamber
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* Once spermatozoa enter the flow cytometer chamber, they pass single-file through a small nozzle.
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* At a region just outside the nozzle, an excitation laser beam activates the fluorescent dye in each sperm.
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* Each live sperm produces an emission with an intensity that is directly related to the quantity of DNA within the sperm head.
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** X-bearing live sperm produce more intensity.
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* A light sensing device is coupled to a computer that determines the intensity of light emission by each sperm and the order of passage of each sperm through a column below the nozzle.
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* When the sperm pass through charged plates, they are assigned either a positive or negative charge depending on their DNA content (X or Y chromosome).
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* When the microdroplet containing a single sperm passes through an electromagnetic field the computer applies an appropriate charge and directs the droplet (and sperm) to one side or the other.
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* Dead sperm are discarded into the centre tube.
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* At the end there are three vessels that contain sperm:
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** One contains a high proportion of X-bearing sperm.
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** One contains a high proportion of Y-bearing sperm.
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** One contains dead sperm
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