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Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Anaemias (view source)
Revision as of 20:28, 7 March 2022
, 20:28, 7 March 2022→Haemolysis
References: [[NationWide Laboratories]]
References: [[NationWide Laboratories]]
Haemolysis may occur in the following processes:
Haemolysis may occur in the following processes:
*'''Immune-mediated disease''' including [[Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia]] and [[Neonatal Isoerythrolysis]].
*'''Immune-mediated disease''' including [[Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia]] and [[Neonatal Isoerythrolysis]].
*'''Infectious agents''' including ''[[Babesia|Babesia spp.]]'' in dogs and cattle, ''[[Feline Infectious Anaemia|Mycoplasma haemofelis]]'' in cats, ''[[Leptospira|Leptospira spp.]]'' in various species and ''[[Clostridium haemolyticum]]'' causing redwater fever in cattle.
*'''Infectious agents''' including ''[[Babesia|Babesia spp.]]'' in dogs and cattle, ''[[Feline Infectious Anaemia|Mycoplasma haemofelis]]'' in cats, ''[[Leptospira|Leptospira spp.]]'' in various species and ''[[Clostridium haemolyticum]]'' causing redwater fever in cattle.
*'''Inherited defects of red blood cells enzymes''' including pyruvate kinase (which is occur most commonly in West Highland white terriers) and phosphofructokinase (PFK).
*'''Inherited defects of red blood cells enzymes''' including pyruvate kinase (which is occur most commonly in West Highland white terriers) and phosphofructokinase (PFK).
*'''Pyruvate Kinase deficiency.''' This is an autosomal recessive genetic disease in dogs causing severe persistant extravascular haemolysis. There is usually moderate to severe anaemia (PCV18-25%) with marked reticulocytosis, possibly due to rapid RBC turnover and splenomegaly. PK-deficient RBCs have a shortened life span with inefficient energy production. Affected dogs are young and usually die by the age of 3 years with, in many cases, myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis. PK deficiency is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait in many breeds of dogs with the highest prevalence in Basenji’s and Beagle’s. PK deficiency has been reported in the DSH, Abyssinian and Somali breeds of cat. References: [[/en.wikivet.net/NationWide Laboratories|NationWide Laboratories]]
*'''Phosphofructokinase deficiency'''. Has been reported in English Springer spaniels and Cocker spaniels. Commonly there is recurring haemoglobinuria, splenomegaly and/or icterus. Intravascular haemolysis is precipitated by respiratory alkalosis associated with stress induced hyperventilation. A haemolytic crisis may develop following exercise. References: [[/en.wikivet.net/NationWide Laboratories|NationWide Laboratories]]
*'''Hypophosphataemia''' which occurs in post-parturient cattle (causing post-parturient haemoglobinuria), with refeeding syndrome and when animals with [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mellitus]] are stabilised with insulin.
*'''Hypophosphataemia''' which occurs in post-parturient cattle (causing post-parturient haemoglobinuria), with refeeding syndrome and when animals with [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mellitus]] are stabilised with insulin.
*Exposure to '''toxins''' including rape and kale (which contain SMCO radicals) in cattle, onions and garlic in dogs and paracetamol in cats.
*Exposure to '''toxins''' including rape and kale (which contain SMCO radicals) in cattle, onions and garlic in dogs and paracetamol in cats.