Changes

Total protein in normal reptiles generally varies between 30 and 80g/l.Hypoproteinaemia is often associated with malnutrition. Other causes include malabsorption, maldigestion (e.g. intestinal parasitism), protein losing enteropathies, severe blood loss and chronic hepatic or [[Lizard and Snake Renal Disease|renal disease]].

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== Total Protein, Albumin and Globulins ==

== Total Protein, Albumin and Globulins ==

Serum proteins vary widely in their size, structure and function. Abnormal levels of proteins are termed dysproteinaemias. Total protein and albumin concentrations are determined and the globulin concentration arrived at by subtraction. Total protein levels are affected by physiological as well as pathological factors. Total protein levels are low in neonates rising to adult levels by 6 months to 1 year of age. Serum total protein levels are approximately 5% less than those of plasma due to the loss of fibrinogen in the clotting process.

Serum proteins vary widely in their size, structure and function. Abnormal levels of proteins are termed dysproteinaemias. Total protein and albumin concentrations are determined and the globulin concentration arrived at by subtraction. Total protein levels are affected by physiological as well as pathological factors. Total protein levels are low in neonates rising to adult levels by 6 months to 1 year of age. Serum total protein levels are approximately 5% less than those of plasma due to the loss of fibrinogen in the clotting process.

'''Small animals'''. The details shown in the table below provide information for the interpretation of small animal protein electrophoresis. There is currently a great deal of interest in quantitative measurement of individual acute phase proteins, such as serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein and α-1-acid glycoprotein to assist in the diagnosis of non-specific acute inflammatory disease and conditions such as FIP.

'''Small animals'''. The details shown in the table below provide information for the interpretation of small animal protein electrophoresis. There is currently a great deal of interest in quantitative measurement of individual acute phase proteins, such as serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein and α-1-acid glycoprotein to assist in the diagnosis of non-specific acute inflammatory disease and conditions such as FIP.

'''Electrophoretogram'''

'''Electrophoretogram'''

[[File:NWL 2016 Labfacts Electrophoretogram.png|frameless|330x330px]]

[[File:NWL 2016 Labfacts Electrophoretogram.png|frameless|330x330px]]

{|

{|

Aglobulinaemia  

Aglobulinaemia  

|}

|}

'''Equine'''. Much of the information in the previous table also applies to horses but the α1-globulin fraction has no known significance. Common causes of elevations in the other fractions are:

'''Equine'''. Much of the information in the previous table also applies to horses but the α1-globulin fraction has no known significance. Common causes of elevations in the other fractions are:

'''γ -globulin.''' Because this includes IgG, rises are seen with antibody responses to infection. Monoclonal peaks can occur in horses with lymphoma or plasma cell myeloma.

'''γ -globulin.''' Because this includes IgG, rises are seen with antibody responses to infection. Monoclonal peaks can occur in horses with lymphoma or plasma cell myeloma.

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Test Codes - Please visit [https://www.nwlabs.co.uk/ www.nwlabs.co.uk] or see our current price list for more information  

== References ==

== Authors & References ==

Total Protein, Albumin and Globulins References: [[NationWide Laboratories]]

[[NationWide Laboratories]]

 

[[Category:Lizard_and_Snake_Glossary]]

[[Category:Lizard_and_Snake_Glossary]]