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Phosphorus (inorganic phosphate) (view source)
Revision as of 16:27, 12 April 2022
, 16:27, 12 April 2022Created page with "Serum phosphorus is closely related to the serum calcium concentration. It is primarily regulated through the action of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin providing a dual neg..."
Serum phosphorus is closely related to the serum calcium concentration. It is primarily regulated through the action of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin providing a dual negative feedback control mechanism to regulate calcium homeostasis, by acting on target cells in the bone and kidney and indirectly, the intestine. Serum concentration is regulated by renal excretion under the influence of parathyroid hormone. In patients with decreased glomerular filtration rate concentrations will rise due to reduced clearance. Abnormal levels are caused by variations in dietary intake, decreased renal excretion, drug therapy (diuretics, salicylates and phosphate containing enemas) and the hormonal imbalances that affect serum calcium. Translocation between the intracellular and extracellular compartment is governed by similar factors to potassium, hence an intracellular shift is promoted by insulin, alkalosis and glucose infusion.
== Small animals ==
=== Causes of hyperphosphataemia ===
* Prerenal, renal and post renal azotemia
* Young animals (dogs <1yr, cats <6mth)
* Feline hyperthyroidism
* Primary hypoparathyroidism
* Hypervitaminosis D
* Acute tumour lysis syndrome
* Osteolytic lesions including neoplasia
=== Causes of hypophosphataemia ===
* Increased PTH or PTHrP
Hypercalcaemia of malignancy
Primary hyperparathyroidism
* Hyperinsulinism (endogenous/exogenous)
* Prolonged diuresis
* Fanconi syndrome
* Canine eclampsia
=== Complementary tests ===
Calcium, urea and creatinine, urine specific gravity, T4, PTH, PTHrP.
== Equine ==
Serum phosphate levels fall readily after exercise to half the resting concentration and may take 3 hours to return to normal. Therefore samples should be taken at rest. A decrease may also occur during carbohydrate utilisation after feeding.
=== Causes of hyperphosphataemia ===
* Following general anaesthesia
* Acute renal failure
* Endurance exercise
* Normal in young animals
* Excess vitamin D
* Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism
* Hypoparathyroidism (rare)
=== Causes of hypophosphataemia ===
* Chronic renal insufficiency
* Severe scouring
* Primary hyperparathyroidism (rare)
* Vitamin D deficiency (rare)
=== Complementary tests ===
Urea, creatinine, urine SG and urine clearance ratios.
Please visit www.nwlabs.co.uk or see our current price list for more information
== Authors & References ==
[[NationWide Laboratories]]
== Small animals ==
=== Causes of hyperphosphataemia ===
* Prerenal, renal and post renal azotemia
* Young animals (dogs <1yr, cats <6mth)
* Feline hyperthyroidism
* Primary hypoparathyroidism
* Hypervitaminosis D
* Acute tumour lysis syndrome
* Osteolytic lesions including neoplasia
=== Causes of hypophosphataemia ===
* Increased PTH or PTHrP
Hypercalcaemia of malignancy
Primary hyperparathyroidism
* Hyperinsulinism (endogenous/exogenous)
* Prolonged diuresis
* Fanconi syndrome
* Canine eclampsia
=== Complementary tests ===
Calcium, urea and creatinine, urine specific gravity, T4, PTH, PTHrP.
== Equine ==
Serum phosphate levels fall readily after exercise to half the resting concentration and may take 3 hours to return to normal. Therefore samples should be taken at rest. A decrease may also occur during carbohydrate utilisation after feeding.
=== Causes of hyperphosphataemia ===
* Following general anaesthesia
* Acute renal failure
* Endurance exercise
* Normal in young animals
* Excess vitamin D
* Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism
* Hypoparathyroidism (rare)
=== Causes of hypophosphataemia ===
* Chronic renal insufficiency
* Severe scouring
* Primary hyperparathyroidism (rare)
* Vitamin D deficiency (rare)
=== Complementary tests ===
Urea, creatinine, urine SG and urine clearance ratios.
Please visit www.nwlabs.co.uk or see our current price list for more information
== Authors & References ==
[[NationWide Laboratories]]