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* Care not to stress mother or she may cannibalise the young.
* Care not to stress mother or she may cannibalise the young.
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== Mammary Gland ==
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== Mammary Gland and Lactation ==
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* 6 pairs of mammary glands.
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* The rat has 6 pairs of mammary glands.
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* '''Cervical gland''' is rudimentary
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* '''Thoracic gland''' is diffuse.
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** Contains 3 nipples
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** Surrounds the base of the forelimb.
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* '''Abdominal gland''' only marginally developed.
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* '''Inguinal gland''':
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** Surrounds the base of the hindlimb
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** Contains 3 nipples
* Thoracic and inguinal glands act as two discrete complexes, separated by a space just behind the ribs.
* Thoracic and inguinal glands act as two discrete complexes, separated by a space just behind the ribs.
** During lactation, the thoracic glands expand rostrally as far as the [[Oral_Cavity_-_Salivary_Glands_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Major_Salivary_Glands|parotid and mandibular glands]].
** During lactation, the thoracic glands expand rostrally as far as the [[Oral_Cavity_-_Salivary_Glands_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Major_Salivary_Glands|parotid and mandibular glands]].
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** Inguinal gland covers the lateral abdominal wall back to the stifle and anal region.
** Inguinal gland covers the lateral abdominal wall back to the stifle and anal region.
* At the base of each teat the transition zone between hairless and hair has large sebacious glands.
* At the base of each teat the transition zone between hairless and hair has large sebacious glands.
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=== Cervical gland ===
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+
* Rudimentary
+
+
=== Thoracic gland ===
+
+
* Diffuse.
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* Contains 3 nipples
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* Surrounds the base of the forelimb.
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+
=== Abdominal gland ===
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+
* Only marginally developed.
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+
=== Inguinal gland ===
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+
* Surrounds the base of the hindlimb.
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* Contains 3 nipples.