Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Mastication is the process whereby food is broken down by mechanical digestion in the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]. The [[Cheeks - Anatomy & Physiology|cheeks]] and tongue function to position food over the teeth where grinding can occur.

Mastication is the process whereby food is broken down by mechanical digestion in the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]. The [[Cheeks - Anatomy & Physiology|cheeks]] and [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] function to position food over the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] where grinding can occur.

Rumination allows food to undergo mastication more than once. Also called 'chewing the cud', it allows greater nutrients to be extracted and absorbed from the food particles.

[[Rumination - Anatomy & Physiology|Rumination]] allows food to undergo mastication more than once. Also called 'chewing the cud', it allows greater nutrients to be extracted and absorbed from the food particles.

Mastication requires correct muscle movements and jaw articulation.

Mastication requires correct muscle movements and jaw articulation.

**Insertion: angle of mandible

**Insertion: angle of mandible

**Two bellies:  

**Two bellies:  

***Caudal half from the second visceral arch innervated by facial nerve (CN VII)

***Caudal half from the second visceral arch innervated by facial nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN VII]])

***Cranial half from the first visceral arch innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal (CN V3)

***Cranial half from the first visceral arch innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V3]])

 

      

      

'''Jaw Closing Muscles'''

'''Jaw Closing Muscles'''

All jaw closing muscles are derived from the first visceral arch and are innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

All jaw closing muscles are derived from the first visceral arch and are innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V3]])

*Masseter muscle

*Masseter muscle