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*Microbes convert carbohydrates to [[Volatile Fatty Acids - Anatomy & Physioogy|volatile fatty acids]] (VFAs).
 
*Microbes convert carbohydrates to [[Volatile Fatty Acids - Anatomy & Physioogy|volatile fatty acids]] (VFAs).
 
**The horse recieves 75% of it's energy requirements from VFAs.
 
**The horse recieves 75% of it's energy requirements from VFAs.
**The large intestine is bufferred by secretion of large amounts of bicarbonate from the pancreas and the ileum. Glands in the wall of the large intestine may also produce bicarbonate.
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**The large intestine is bufferred by secretion of large amounts of bicarbonate from the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]] and the [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]]. Glands in the wall of the [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]] may also produce bicarbonate.
*The microbial population exists in the caecum and ventral colon.
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*The microbial population exists in the [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and ventral colon.
 
*It is mixed; there are both bacteria and protozoa.
 
*It is mixed; there are both bacteria and protozoa.
 
*Microbes are anaerobic.
 
*Microbes are anaerobic.
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*[[Volatile Fatty Acids - Anatomy & Physioogy|VFAs]] produced are absorbed across the intestinal wall.
 
*[[Volatile Fatty Acids - Anatomy & Physioogy|VFAs]] produced are absorbed across the intestinal wall.
 
*Urea from the blood is transported to the intestinal lumen to be used by microbes, which also use nitrogen from the diet.
 
*Urea from the blood is transported to the intestinal lumen to be used by microbes, which also use nitrogen from the diet.
*Environmental factors of the caecum and ventral colon can influence fermentation of microbial population.
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*Environmental factors of the [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and ventral colon can influence fermentation of microbial population.
 
**Environmental factors include:
 
**Environmental factors include:
 
***Frequent intake of food
 
***Frequent intake of food
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