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Spinal Column - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 14:14, 25 July 2008
, 14:14, 25 July 2008→''Hypaxial and Epaxial Muscles''
=''Hypaxial and Epaxial Muscles''=
=''Hypaxial and Epaxial Muscles''=
*'''Epaxial muscles''': extensors of the vertebral column
**Dorsal to the line of the transverse processes of the vertebrae
**Innervation comes from the dorsal branches of the spinal nerves
**Rarely of clinical importance
**Arranged in three parallel columns
***Lateral column: ''Iliocostalis'' arises from the ilium and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae to insert on cranial lumbar vertebrae and ribs, spanning about 4 vertebrae
***Middle column: ''Longissimus''; strongest, extending from the ilium and sacrum to the head and neck
***Medial column:'' ''Transversospinalis''; most complex, lying between medial vertebral arches and spinous processes
*'''Hypaxial Muscles''': flexors of the neck and tail
**''Longus colli'': from cranial thoracic region to the atlas, covering
<big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>