Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Deglutition is the process of swallowing. Food is passed from the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oral pharynx]] into the oesophageal/laryngeal pharynx whilst the [[epiglottis]] closes across the entrance of the trachea.

Deglutition is the process of swallowing. Food is passed from the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oral pharynx]] into the oesophageal/laryngeal [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] whilst the [[epiglottis]] closes across the entrance of the trachea.

It is a voluntary reflex preventing food from passing into the trachea causing choking and eventually respiratory pneumonia.

It is a voluntary reflex preventing food from passing into the trachea causing choking and eventually respiratory pneumonia.

==Process==

==Process==

1. Masticated and insalivated food is cupped by the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] on its dorsal surface and the tip of the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] pushes dorsally against the [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|soft palate]]

1. [[Mastication|Masticated]] and insalivated food is cupped by the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] on its dorsal surface and the tip of the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] pushes dorsally against the [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|soft palate]]

2. The jaws are closed. The mylohyoid, hyoglossal and stylohyoid mucles raises the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] and pushes the bolus into the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. When the food touches the pharyngeal mucosa the swallowing reflex is initiated.

2. The jaws are closed. The mylohyoid, hyoglossal and stylohyoid mucles raises the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] and pushes the bolus into the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. When the food touches the pharyngeal mucosa the swallowing reflex is initiated.

3. [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|Oropharynx]] relaxes and [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|soft palate]] elevated by the levator velli palatini muscle. Pharyngeopalatine arch closes by palatopharyngeus.

3. [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|Oropharynx]] relaxes and [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|soft palate]] elevated by the levator velli palatini muscle. Pharyngeopalatine arch closes by palatopharyngeus.

4. Hyoid moved rostro-dorsally by geniohyoid and pterygopharyngeus contracts bringing common pharynx forward to engulf bolus.

4. [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|Hyoid]] moved rostro-dorsally by geniohyoid and pterygopharyngeus contracts bringing common [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] forward to engulf bolus.

5. [[Epiglottis]] bends back to prevent food entering [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]].

5. [[Epiglottis]] bends back to prevent food entering [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]].

6. Bolus enters oesophageal pharynx and [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] relaxes. Bolus is passed on down [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] by a concentric series of contractions by each set of contractor muscle in turn called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristalsis| peristalsis]

6. Bolus enters oesophageal [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] relaxes. Bolus is passed on down [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] by a concentric series of contractions by each set of contractor muscle in turn called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristalsis| peristalsis]

7. Pharyngeopalatine arch reopens, hyoid moves back by genioohyoid and glottis reopens.

7. Pharyngeopalatine arch reopens, [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid]] moves back by geniohyoid and glottis reopens.

==Links==

==Links==

[[Diseases of the conducting airways]]

[[Diseases of the conducting airways]]