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==Introduction==

==Introduction==

The larynx is situated below where the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] divides into the trachea and the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]]. It is contained partly within the rami of the mandible and extends caudally into the neck. Vocal folds are present in the larynx and due to this, it is more commonly known as the voice box.

The larynx is situated below where the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] divides into the trachea and the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]]. It is contained partly within the rami of the mandible and extends caudally into the neck. Vocal folds and vestibular folds are present in the larynx and due to this, it is more commonly known as the voice box.

The cartilageous larynx can be manually palpated in the living animal and is commonly implicated in respiratory conditions such as [[Diseases of the conducting airways#Laryngeal paralysis|roaring]].

The cartilageous larynx can be manually palpated in the living animal and is commonly implicated in respiratory conditions such as [[Diseases of the conducting airways#Laryngeal paralysis|roaring]].

*Intrinsic musculature connects the laryngeal cartilages (see [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Intrinsic Musculature|here]])

*Intrinsic musculature connects the laryngeal cartilages (see [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Intrinsic Musculature|here]])

===Thyroid Cartilage===  

===Thyroid Cartilage===  

*Free or fused with the epiglottic cartilages and arytenoid cartilages depending on species

*Free or fused with the epiglottic cartilages and arytenoid cartilages depending on species

===Intrinsic Musculature===

===Vocal Folds===

 

 

*Cricothryroid muscle

*Ligament medially

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

===Cricothryroid muscle===

**Innervated by the cranial laryngeal nerve a branch of the vagus nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN X]])

**Innervated by the cranial laryngeal nerve a branch of the vagus nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN X]])

**Moves cricoid and arytenoid cartilages caudally

**Moves cricoid and arytenoid cartilages caudally

**Tenses vocal folds

**Tenses vocal folds

*Dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle

===Dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle===

**Dorsal surface of cricoid cartilage to arytenoid cartilage

**Dorsal surface of cricoid cartilage to arytenoid cartilage

**Abducts vocal process and therefore vocal fold

**Abducts vocal process and therefore vocal fold

**Widens glottis

**Widens glottis

*Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

===Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle===

**Adducts vocal processes

**Adducts vocal processes

**Narrows the glottis

**Narrows the glottis

*Thyroarytenoid muscle

===Thyroarytenoid muscle===

**Laryngeal floor to the thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage

**Laryngeal floor to the thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage

**Alters the tension of the vocal and vestibular folds

**Alters the tension of the vocal and vestibular folds

**Forms part of the sphincter muscular arrangement

**Forms part of the sphincter muscular arrangement

*Transverse arytenoid muscle

===Transverse arytenoid muscle===

**Completes the muscular sphincter arrangment

**Completes the muscular sphincter arrangment

**Spans the arytenoid cartilages

**Spans the arytenoid cartilages

==Histology==

==Histology==

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*Mucous glands present

 

 

 

 

==Species Differences==

==Species Differences==