Author, Bureaucrats, Administrators
12,693
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
New page: {{toplink |backcolour = f5fffa |linkpage =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System - Pathology |linktext =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System |tablelink = Lymphoreticular & Haematopoiet...
{{toplink
|backcolour = f5fffa
|linkpage =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System - Pathology
|linktext =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System
|tablelink = Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System (Table) - Pathology
|maplink = Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System (Content Map) - Pathology
|sublink1 =Secondary Lymphoid System - Pathology
|subtext1 =SECONDARY LYMPHOID SYSTEM
}}
<br>
''NB:Be aware of age-related changes regarding the spleen''
==Anatomy & Physiology==
[[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|See here]]
==Splenic Lesions==
*splenomegaly is the main clinical finding associated with the spleen in disease
===Splenitis===
===Anthrax===
===Torsion===
===Haemolytic Anaemia===
===Chronic Venous Congestion===
*this may be seen along with chronic venous congestion of the liver in cases of chronic cardiac failure
===Barbituates===
* administration of barbituates can produce a degree of splenomegaly due to splenic engorgement by erythrocytes
===Splenic Tumours===
*these are important surgically since splenomegaly can be diagnoses clinically by palpation or X-ray and some are surgically curable
====Hyperplastic Nodules or Benign Lymphoma====
*very common incidental findings in older dogs
*should not be mistakenly identified as pathognomic lesions
*consist of nodules of hyperplastic white and red pulp
:- usually 1-2 cms in size, but occasionally may be larger
:- spherical
:- protrude hemispherically from the surface as yellow and red mottled nodules
*infrequently, may rupture and give rise to haemorrhage
====Haemangioma====
*benign tumour of dogs
*may grow to considerable size
:- the size of the lesion giving rise to clinical signs is compounded by haemorrhage from and into the tumour
:- thus, a large mass of apple size may be found protruding from the spleen and adherent to the omentum
*on section, it is largely blood clot
*responds well to surgery
:- therefore it must be distinguished from haemangiosarcoma
====Haemangiosarcoma====
*highly malignant tumour of dogs
*distinguished from the superficially similar haemangioma by the presence of much more formed, solid tumour tissue
*accurate prognosis demands histological examination
*secondaries are common locally in the [[Peritoneal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology#Omentum|omentum]] and in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
:- course is usually short, often only a month or two
:- metastases may occur in almost every organ
====Haematopoietic Neoplasms====
=====lymphosarcoma=====
* splenomegaly occurs in multicentric lymphosarcoma
*splenic enlargement may be marked if any form of lymphosarcoma is in leukaemic phase
=====myeloid (granulocytic) leukaemia=====
*rare
*all species
*extreme form with spleen approaching liver size
=====systemic mastocytosis=====
*cat
*extreme form with spleen approaching liver size
===Infarction===
===Rupture===
|backcolour = f5fffa
|linkpage =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System - Pathology
|linktext =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System
|tablelink = Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System (Table) - Pathology
|maplink = Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System (Content Map) - Pathology
|sublink1 =Secondary Lymphoid System - Pathology
|subtext1 =SECONDARY LYMPHOID SYSTEM
}}
<br>
''NB:Be aware of age-related changes regarding the spleen''
==Anatomy & Physiology==
[[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|See here]]
==Splenic Lesions==
*splenomegaly is the main clinical finding associated with the spleen in disease
===Splenitis===
===Anthrax===
===Torsion===
===Haemolytic Anaemia===
===Chronic Venous Congestion===
*this may be seen along with chronic venous congestion of the liver in cases of chronic cardiac failure
===Barbituates===
* administration of barbituates can produce a degree of splenomegaly due to splenic engorgement by erythrocytes
===Splenic Tumours===
*these are important surgically since splenomegaly can be diagnoses clinically by palpation or X-ray and some are surgically curable
====Hyperplastic Nodules or Benign Lymphoma====
*very common incidental findings in older dogs
*should not be mistakenly identified as pathognomic lesions
*consist of nodules of hyperplastic white and red pulp
:- usually 1-2 cms in size, but occasionally may be larger
:- spherical
:- protrude hemispherically from the surface as yellow and red mottled nodules
*infrequently, may rupture and give rise to haemorrhage
====Haemangioma====
*benign tumour of dogs
*may grow to considerable size
:- the size of the lesion giving rise to clinical signs is compounded by haemorrhage from and into the tumour
:- thus, a large mass of apple size may be found protruding from the spleen and adherent to the omentum
*on section, it is largely blood clot
*responds well to surgery
:- therefore it must be distinguished from haemangiosarcoma
====Haemangiosarcoma====
*highly malignant tumour of dogs
*distinguished from the superficially similar haemangioma by the presence of much more formed, solid tumour tissue
*accurate prognosis demands histological examination
*secondaries are common locally in the [[Peritoneal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology#Omentum|omentum]] and in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
:- course is usually short, often only a month or two
:- metastases may occur in almost every organ
====Haematopoietic Neoplasms====
=====lymphosarcoma=====
* splenomegaly occurs in multicentric lymphosarcoma
*splenic enlargement may be marked if any form of lymphosarcoma is in leukaemic phase
=====myeloid (granulocytic) leukaemia=====
*rare
*all species
*extreme form with spleen approaching liver size
=====systemic mastocytosis=====
*cat
*extreme form with spleen approaching liver size
===Infarction===
===Rupture===