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Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 13:11, 30 July 2008
, 13:11, 30 July 2008no edit summary
==Bones of the Skull==
==Bones of the Skull==
===Occipital Bone===
===Occipital Bone (os occipitale)===
*Forms the nuchal wall
*Forms the nuchal wall
**Hypoglossal canal
**Hypoglossal canal
===Sphenoid Bone===
===Sphenoid Bone (os sphenoidale)===
*Forms the base of the neurocranium
*Forms the base of the neurocranium
**Alar canal (rostral and caudal alar foramen)
**Alar canal (rostral and caudal alar foramen)
===Temporal Bone===
===Temporal Bone (os temporale)===
*Composed of squamous, petrosal and tympanic parts
*Composed of squamous, petrosal and tympanic parts
**Musculotubal canal where tensors of the [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology#Musculature and Innervation|soft palate]] originate
**Musculotubal canal where tensors of the [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology#Musculature and Innervation|soft palate]] originate
===Frontal Bone===
===Frontal Bone (os frontale)===
*Paired
*Joined by the interfrontal suture
*Between the cranium and the face
*Encloses the frontal sinuses
*The nasal and lacrimal bones border the frontal squama section
**Forms the zygomatic process laterally
**Forms the dorsal part of the orbit
**Lacrimal gland present
**Temporal line present which extends into the external sagittal crest
**Cornual processes in [[[[Anatomy & Physiology of the Horn|horned]] ruminants
*The nasal section is the rostral part of the frontal bone
*Orbital part is perforated by the ethmoidal foramen
**Medially the dorsal oblique muscle of the eyeball attaches
*Temporal part provides the muscle attachments for the temporalis muscle
===Parietal Bone===
===Parietal Bone===
*Stylomastoid Foramen
*Stylomastoid Foramen
**Situated on the petrosal part of the temporal bone
**Situated on the petrosal part of the temporal bone
*Ethmoidal Foramen
**Perforate the orbital part of the frontal bone
==Species Differences==
==Species Differences==
*Styloid process absent
*Styloid process absent
*Dorsal margin of orbit formed by the orbital ligament
[[Image:Lion skull.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Feline skull (Lion) - Copyright RVC]]
[[Image:Lion skull.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Feline skull (Lion) - Copyright RVC]]
===Feline===
===Feline===
*Styloid process absent
*Styloid process absent
*Dorsal margin of orbit formed by the orbital ligament which is ossified
[[Image:Horse Skeleton.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Horse Skeleton - Copyright Nottingham]]
[[Image:Horse Skeleton.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Horse Skeleton - Copyright Nottingham]]
*Foramen lacernum present
*Foramen lacernum present
*Zygomatic process articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
[[Image:Sheep skull.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Sheep skull - Copyright RVC]]
[[Image:Sheep skull.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Sheep skull - Copyright RVC]]
===Ruminant===
===Ruminant===
*Petrosal and tympanic parts of the temporal bone fused to the squamous part
*Petrosal and tympanic parts of the temporal bone fused to the squamous part
*Zygomatic process articulates with the frontal process of the zygomatic bone
[[Image:Pig skull.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pig skull showing tusks - Copyright RVC]]
[[Image:Pig skull.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pig skull showing tusks - Copyright RVC]]
===Porcine===
===Porcine===