*Bony shelf of palatine processes of the incisive, maxillary and palatine bones. Failure of the palatine bones to fuse results in [[Oral Cavity - Cavity & Gingiva#Cleft Palate|cleft palate]].
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*Bony shelf of palatine processes of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Incisive Bone (os incisivium)|incisive]], [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Maxilla|maxillary]] and [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Paltine Bone (os palatinium)|palatine bones]]. Failure of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Paltine Bone (os palatinium)|palatine bones]] to fuse results in [[Oral Cavity - Cavity & Gingiva#Cleft Palate|cleft palate]].
*6-8 fixed transverse ridges to direct food caudally
*6-8 fixed transverse ridges to direct food caudally