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Skin Congenital and Hereditary - Pathology (view source)
Revision as of 11:52, 31 July 2008
, 11:52, 31 July 2008New page: {{toplink |backcolour = FFCCCC |linkpage =Integumentary System - Pathology |linktext =Integumentary System |maplink = Integumentary System (Content Map) - Pathology |pagetype =Pathology }...
{{toplink
|backcolour = FFCCCC
|linkpage =Integumentary System - Pathology
|linktext =Integumentary System
|maplink = Integumentary System (Content Map) - Pathology
|pagetype =Pathology
}}
<br>
===Acanthosis Nigricans===
*Occurs in Dachshunds
*Bilateral axillary hyperpigmentation, [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|lichenification, alopecia]]
*May be followed by secondary pyoderma or seborrhea
*Microscopically:
**Thickened epidermis by mainly [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|acanthosis]]
**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Hyperkeratosis]]
**Increased melanin in epidermis
===Alopecia and Hypotrichosis===
*Occurs in most species
*Bred for in some breeds, e.g. Mexican hairless dog, Sphinx cat
*May be due to decreased number of hair follicles, failure of hair growth or follicular dysplasia
*Also associated with maternal deficiency of iodine
===Collagen Dysplasia===
[[Image: Collagen dysplasia.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Collagen dysplasia - dog tail (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]
*Occurs in many species
*Very stretchy and loose skin that tears easily
*Due to variety of defects of enzyme necessary for collagen synthesis or processing
*Histologically:
**Varies depending on cause
**May appear normal
**Collagen bundles varied in shape, size and their organisation
===Epidermolysis Bullosa===
[[Image: Epidermolysis bullosa.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Epidermolysis bullosa in a lamb (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]
*Also called '''Red Foot Disease'''
*Occurs in sheep, dogs, cattle and horses
*Development of cutaneous blisters
*Varies depending on hereditary cause
*Affected animals tend not to survive
*Lesions appear at surfaces that are easily damaged, ''e.g.'' oral mucosa, feet
*Microscopically:
**Epidermal vesicular disease
**Healing displaces lesions more dorsally
**May become infected and form [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustules]]
===Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta===
*Also called '''Aplasia Cutis'''
*Incomplete development of squamous epithelium and [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|adnexa]] of skin and epithelium of oral mucosa
*Occurs in most species
*Grossly:
**Circumscribed areas of missing squamous epithelium
*Unprotected underlying tissue gets easily damaged and infected, possibly resulting in bacteraemia
===Hypertrichosis===
*Increased hair growth
*Both congenital or hereditary
*In sheep may be caused by [[Flaviviridae#Pestiviruses|Border Disease virus]]
*Microscopically:
**Enlarged primary follicles and wool fibres
*Also accociated with maternal hyperthermia
===Ichthyosis===
*Inherited cutaneous disease
*Occurs in dogs and cattle
*Grossly:
**Thickened skin due to [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|hyperkeratosis]]
**May crack resembling fish scales
*Increased adherence of keratocytes preventing normal desquamation
*In cattle occurs in two forms:
**Ichthiosis fetalis - fatal, stillborn calves or die within days of birth
**Ichthiosis congenita - folded and thickened skin, fissures and partial [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|alopecia]]
===Photosensitisation===
*May be due to inherited defects
*See [[Skin - environmental#Photosensitisation|HERE]]
===Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis===
*Also called '''Pityriasis Rosea'''
*Occurs in pigs
*Symmetric lesions on the abdomen, loin and medial thigh
*Start as small [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|papules]] covered by brown [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crusts]]
*-> lesions join and spread -> umbilicated [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|plaques]] containing white centres with erythematous and scaly borders
*Similar to [[Skin - infectious|dermatophytosis]]
*Histologically:
**Epidermal hyperplasia, [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|parakeratosis]], epidermal [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustules]] and superficial perivascular dermatitis
*For more detail see [[Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis]]
===Zinc-related disorders===
*Occurs in Bullterriers and calves
*Resolves with zinc supplementation in calves but not dogs
*In dogs:
**Fatal acrodermatitis
**Lesions start between digits and on foot pads -> severe interdigital pyoderma -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|paronychia]] and [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|hyperkeratosis]] of pads
**May also occur on pinnae, elbows, muzzle, hocks or become generalised with [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crusting, ulceration]] and secondary pyoderma
**Histologically:
***Hyperkeratosis and bacterial pustular dermatitis
|backcolour = FFCCCC
|linkpage =Integumentary System - Pathology
|linktext =Integumentary System
|maplink = Integumentary System (Content Map) - Pathology
|pagetype =Pathology
}}
<br>
===Acanthosis Nigricans===
*Occurs in Dachshunds
*Bilateral axillary hyperpigmentation, [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|lichenification, alopecia]]
*May be followed by secondary pyoderma or seborrhea
*Microscopically:
**Thickened epidermis by mainly [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|acanthosis]]
**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Hyperkeratosis]]
**Increased melanin in epidermis
===Alopecia and Hypotrichosis===
*Occurs in most species
*Bred for in some breeds, e.g. Mexican hairless dog, Sphinx cat
*May be due to decreased number of hair follicles, failure of hair growth or follicular dysplasia
*Also associated with maternal deficiency of iodine
===Collagen Dysplasia===
[[Image: Collagen dysplasia.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Collagen dysplasia - dog tail (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]
*Occurs in many species
*Very stretchy and loose skin that tears easily
*Due to variety of defects of enzyme necessary for collagen synthesis or processing
*Histologically:
**Varies depending on cause
**May appear normal
**Collagen bundles varied in shape, size and their organisation
===Epidermolysis Bullosa===
[[Image: Epidermolysis bullosa.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Epidermolysis bullosa in a lamb (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]
*Also called '''Red Foot Disease'''
*Occurs in sheep, dogs, cattle and horses
*Development of cutaneous blisters
*Varies depending on hereditary cause
*Affected animals tend not to survive
*Lesions appear at surfaces that are easily damaged, ''e.g.'' oral mucosa, feet
*Microscopically:
**Epidermal vesicular disease
**Healing displaces lesions more dorsally
**May become infected and form [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustules]]
===Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta===
*Also called '''Aplasia Cutis'''
*Incomplete development of squamous epithelium and [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|adnexa]] of skin and epithelium of oral mucosa
*Occurs in most species
*Grossly:
**Circumscribed areas of missing squamous epithelium
*Unprotected underlying tissue gets easily damaged and infected, possibly resulting in bacteraemia
===Hypertrichosis===
*Increased hair growth
*Both congenital or hereditary
*In sheep may be caused by [[Flaviviridae#Pestiviruses|Border Disease virus]]
*Microscopically:
**Enlarged primary follicles and wool fibres
*Also accociated with maternal hyperthermia
===Ichthyosis===
*Inherited cutaneous disease
*Occurs in dogs and cattle
*Grossly:
**Thickened skin due to [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|hyperkeratosis]]
**May crack resembling fish scales
*Increased adherence of keratocytes preventing normal desquamation
*In cattle occurs in two forms:
**Ichthiosis fetalis - fatal, stillborn calves or die within days of birth
**Ichthiosis congenita - folded and thickened skin, fissures and partial [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|alopecia]]
===Photosensitisation===
*May be due to inherited defects
*See [[Skin - environmental#Photosensitisation|HERE]]
===Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis===
*Also called '''Pityriasis Rosea'''
*Occurs in pigs
*Symmetric lesions on the abdomen, loin and medial thigh
*Start as small [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|papules]] covered by brown [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crusts]]
*-> lesions join and spread -> umbilicated [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|plaques]] containing white centres with erythematous and scaly borders
*Similar to [[Skin - infectious|dermatophytosis]]
*Histologically:
**Epidermal hyperplasia, [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|parakeratosis]], epidermal [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustules]] and superficial perivascular dermatitis
*For more detail see [[Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis]]
===Zinc-related disorders===
*Occurs in Bullterriers and calves
*Resolves with zinc supplementation in calves but not dogs
*In dogs:
**Fatal acrodermatitis
**Lesions start between digits and on foot pads -> severe interdigital pyoderma -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|paronychia]] and [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|hyperkeratosis]] of pads
**May also occur on pinnae, elbows, muzzle, hocks or become generalised with [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crusting, ulceration]] and secondary pyoderma
**Histologically:
***Hyperkeratosis and bacterial pustular dermatitis