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*Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the [[Oesophagus#Erosive & Ulcerative Pathology|oesophagus]] and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection
*Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the [[Oesophagus#Erosive & Ulcerative Pathology|oesophagus]] and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection
*Cause of abortion >5 months of gestation
*Cause of abortion >5 months of gestation
−*May contribute to [[Bacterial infections#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]
+*May contribute to [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]
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*Causative agent: [[Paramyxoviridae#Bovine Parainfluenza - 3 (PI-3)|parainfluenza- 3 virus]] (PI3)
*Causative agent: [[Paramyxoviridae#Bovine Parainfluenza - 3 (PI-3)|parainfluenza- 3 virus]] (PI3)
*On its own causes [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]
*On its own causes [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]
−*Often part of multi-aetiology disease complex (e.g. [[Bacterial infections#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]), often followed by [[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|''Pasteurella sp.'']] obscuring viral origin
+*Often part of multi-aetiology disease complex (e.g. [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]), often followed by [[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|''Pasteurella sp.'']] obscuring viral origin
*Replicates in airway epithelial cells and results in an initial [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchitis -> bronchiolitis]] -> extension into [[Lungs - inflammatory#Infectious causes of pneumonia|alveoli]], causing [[Lungs - inflammatory#Bronchointerstitial pneumonia|bronchointerstitial pneumonia]]
*Replicates in airway epithelial cells and results in an initial [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchitis -> bronchiolitis]] -> extension into [[Lungs - inflammatory#Infectious causes of pneumonia|alveoli]], causing [[Lungs - inflammatory#Bronchointerstitial pneumonia|bronchointerstitial pneumonia]]
*Early stages may show [[General Pathology - Degenerations and Infiltrations#Cellular Inclusions|intracytoplasmic inclusions]]
*Early stages may show [[General Pathology - Degenerations and Infiltrations#Cellular Inclusions|intracytoplasmic inclusions]]
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*Causative agent: [[Adenoviridae|bovine adenovirus]]
*Causative agent: [[Adenoviridae|bovine adenovirus]]
*[[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|Rhinitis]]
*[[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|Rhinitis]]
−*May contribute to [[Bacterial infections#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]
+*May contribute to [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]
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**[[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis|Acute bronchiolitis]], characteristic of the bronchiolar response is the formation of syncytial giant cells (formed by proliferating bronchiolar epithelial cells which may contain [[General Pathology - Degenerations and Infiltrations#Cellular Inclusions|intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies]]), alveolar epithelium sometimes affected
**[[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis|Acute bronchiolitis]], characteristic of the bronchiolar response is the formation of syncytial giant cells (formed by proliferating bronchiolar epithelial cells which may contain [[General Pathology - Degenerations and Infiltrations#Cellular Inclusions|intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies]]), alveolar epithelium sometimes affected
**Obstruction of bronchioles by exudate - these may later become obliterated by the fibrous tissue of organisation
**Obstruction of bronchioles by exudate - these may later become obliterated by the fibrous tissue of organisation
−*May contribute to [[Bacterial infections#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]
+*May contribute to [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]
===Bovine rhinovirus===
===Bovine rhinovirus===