Changes

===[[Trichinelloidea|''Capillaria aerophila'']]===

===[[Trichinelloidea|''Capillaria aerophila'']]===

*In [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|nasal passages]], [[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of sinusitis|sinuses]], [[Trachea - inflammatory#Infectious causes of traacheitis|trachea]] and [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchi]] of cats and dogs

*In [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|nasal passages]], [[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of sinusitis|sinuses]], [[Trachea - inflammatory#Infectious causes of traacheitis|trachea]] and [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchi]] of cats and dogs

*Some dogs cough but often no symptoms

*Some dogs cough but often no symptoms

*Mild catharral inflammation

*Mild catharral inflammation

*Mainly parasite of foxes but dogs may become infected from snails and slugs

*Mainly parasite of foxes but dogs may become infected from snails and slugs

*Adults in [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|small bronchi and bronchioles]]

*Adults in [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|small bronchi and bronchioles]]

*Grossly:

*Grossly:

**Greyish lesions and consolidation in dorsal aspect of caudal lung lobes

**Greyish lesions and consolidation in dorsal aspect of caudal lung lobes

===[[Metastrongyloidae|''Aelurostrongylus abstrussus'']]===

===[[Metastrongyloidae|''Aelurostrongylus abstrussus'']]===

*Live in [[Lungs - inflammatory|lung parenchyma]] and [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|small bronchioles]]

*Live in [[Lungs - inflammatory|lung parenchyma]] and [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|small bronchioles]]

*Grossly:

*Grossly:

**Firm yellow nodules scattered throughout parenchyma, more frequently at periphery

**Firm yellow nodules scattered throughout parenchyma, more frequently at periphery

===[[Trichostrongyloidea|''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'']]===

===[[Trichostrongyloidea|''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'']]===

*Found in smaller [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchi]]

*Found in smaller [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchi]]

*Cause of chronic cough

*Cause of chronic cough

*Donkeys are a reservoir mostly without any clinical signs

*Donkeys are a reservoir mostly without any clinical signs

[[Image:Dictyocaulus viviparus.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Dictyocaulus viviparus (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]

[[Image:Dictyocaulus viviparus.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Dictyocaulus viviparus (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]

[[Image:Parasitic bronchitis.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Parasitic bronchitis (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]

[[Image:Parasitic bronchitis.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Parasitic bronchitis (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]

*Found in [[Trachea - inflammatory#Infectious causes of tracheitis|trachea]] and [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|large bronchi]]

*Found in [[Trachea - inflammatory#Infectious causes of tracheitis|trachea]] and [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|large bronchi]]

*Causes parasitic bronchitis, synonyms: bovine dictyocauliosis, husk, hoose

*Causes parasitic bronchitis, synonyms: bovine dictyocauliosis, husk, hoose

*Primary infection:

*Primary infection:

***Larvae migrate to lungs, no clinical signs

***Larvae migrate to lungs, no clinical signs

**Prepatent phase (weeks 1-3)

**Prepatent phase (weeks 1-3)

***Development and migration of larvae -> [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Bronchiolitis|bronchiolitis]] -> eosinophilic exudate -> air passage blocked -> alveolar collapse (distal to blockage) -> clinical signs (tachypnoea, coughing)

***Development and migration of larvae -> [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchiolitis|bronchiolitis]] -> eosinophilic exudate -> air passage blocked -> alveolar collapse (distal to blockage) -> clinical signs (tachypnoea, coughing)

**Patent phase (weeks 4-8)

**Patent phase (weeks 4-8)

***Egg-producing mature worms

***Egg-producing mature worms

***[[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Bronchitis|Bronchitis]] - due to mature worms

***[[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchitis|Bronchitis]] - due to mature worms

***[[Lungs - inflammatory#Verminous pneumonia|Parasitic pneumonia]] - due to aspiration of eggs and larvae -> cellular infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, giant cells

***[[Lungs - inflammatory#Verminous pneumonia|Parasitic pneumonia]] - due to aspiration of eggs and larvae -> cellular infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, giant cells

**Postpatent phase (weeks 8-12)

**Postpatent phase (weeks 8-12)

===[[Metastrongyloidae|''Protostrongylus'' spp.]]===

===[[Metastrongyloidae|''Protostrongylus'' spp.]]===

*Adult worms block small [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchioles]] resulting in accumulation of eggs, larvae and cellular debri distal to the blockage

*Adult worms block small [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchioles]] resulting in accumulation of eggs, larvae and cellular debri distal to the blockage

*Lesions resemble [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Dictyocaulus filaria|''Dictyocaulus filaria'']] but are fewer in numbers, lobular and at periphery of caudal lobes, they are very similar to [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Muellerius capillaris|''Muellerius capillaris'']] lesions

*Lesions resemble [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Dictyocaulus filaria|''Dictyocaulus filaria'']] but are fewer in numbers, lobular and at periphery of caudal lobes, they are very similar to [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Muellerius capillaris|''Muellerius capillaris'']] lesions

*Animals < 1 year old

*Animals < 1 year old

*Pathogenesis and pathology similar to [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Dictyocaulus viviparus|''Dictyocaulus viviparus'']] in cattle

*Pathogenesis and pathology similar to [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Dictyocaulus viviparus|''Dictyocaulus viviparus'']] in cattle

*[[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|Bronchitis]]

*[[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|Bronchitis]]

==In Pigs==

==In Pigs==

===[[Metastrongyloidae|''Metastrongylus'' spp.]]===

===[[Metastrongyloidae|''Metastrongylus'' spp.]]===

*Found in [[Bronchi and bronchioles - inflammatory#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchioles and smaller bronchi]]

*Found in [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchioles and smaller bronchi]]

*Grossly:

*Grossly:

**Small grey nodules, especially along ventral border of caudal lobes

**Small grey nodules, especially along ventral border of caudal lobes