Changes

*[[Aspergillus spp.|''Aspergillus fumigatus'']]

*[[Aspergillus spp.|''Aspergillus fumigatus'']]

*Most commonly in dogs but also other species

*Most commonly in dogs but also other species

*Causes [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]], often also involves the [[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of sinusitis|frontal sinus]]

*Causes [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]], often also involves the [[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of sinusitis|frontal sinus]]

*Chronic necrotising inflammation with friable exudate containing necrotic tissue and fungal hyphae

*Chronic necrotising inflammation with friable exudate containing necrotic tissue and fungal hyphae

* Result in severe neutrophilic [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory|rhinitis]]/[[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology|sinusitis]]

* Result in severe neutrophilic [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|rhinitis]]/[[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology|sinusitis]]

*These lesions can be aggressive causing destruction of turbinates and nasal septum

*These lesions can be aggressive causing destruction of turbinates and nasal septum

*Can occur secondary to areas of mucosal compromise eg: adjacent to a space-occupying lesion

*Can occur secondary to areas of mucosal compromise eg: adjacent to a space-occupying lesion

***Fibrous capsule

***Fibrous capsule

*In horses:

*In horses:

**[[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|Nasal aspergillosis]]

**[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|Nasal aspergillosis]]

**[[Guttural Pouches Inflammatory - Pathology|Guttural pouch infections]] in horses - fungal plaques form on the adventitia of the carotid arteries can lead to catastrophic haemorrhage following erosion of carotid arteries!

**[[Guttural Pouches Inflammatory - Pathology|Guttural pouch infections]] in horses - fungal plaques form on the adventitia of the carotid arteries can lead to catastrophic haemorrhage following erosion of carotid arteries!

**Often present with [[Respiratory System Clinical Signs - Pathology#Epistaxis|epistaxis]]

**Often present with [[Respiratory System Clinical Signs - Pathology#Epistaxis|epistaxis]]

*[[Yeast-like fungi|''Cryptococcus neoformans'']]

*[[Yeast-like fungi|''Cryptococcus neoformans'']]

*Causes a [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|granulomatous rhinitis]], gelatinous exudate, [[Lungs - inflammatory#Granulomatous pneumonia|granulomatous pneumonia]]  

*Causes a [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|granulomatous rhinitis]], gelatinous exudate, [[Lungs - inflammatory#Granulomatous pneumonia|granulomatous pneumonia]]  

*Nodules or destructive masses which often result in facial swelling

*Nodules or destructive masses which often result in facial swelling

*In severe cases, extension from nasal cavity to involve skin and oral mucosa can occur

*In severe cases, extension from nasal cavity to involve skin and oral mucosa can occur