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Arteries of the Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 13:17, 13 August 2008
, 13:17, 13 August 2008→'''External Iliac Artery'''
=='''External Iliac Artery'''==
=='''External Iliac Artery'''==
The external iliac artery is the principal artery of the hindlimb. Once it branches from the aorta it runs along the ilial body. Prior to entering the '''femoral canal''' (formed by the sartorius cranially and the gracilis and pectineus caudally) it detaches the deep femoral artery and on leaving the abdomen the external iliac continues as the femoral artery. The femoral artery continues between the adductor muscles on the medial aspect of the thigh to reach the caudal side of the stifle. Here it continues as the popliteal artery.
Below are the arteries in order in which they branch off the external iliac, femoral and popliteal arteries:
* '''External iliac a.'''
* '''External iliac a.'''
** '''Deep femoral a.'''
** '''Deep femoral a.''' - arises in the abdomen near the femoral canal and gives rise to the short pudendoepigastric trunk before continuing as the medial circumflex femoral artery.
*** '''Caudal Epigastric a.'''
*** '''The pudendoepigastric trunk'''
*** '''External Pudendal a.'''
**** Caudal Epigastric a. - runs cranially on the deep aspect of the straight abdominal muscles.
** '''Medial circumflex femoral a.'''
**** External Pudendal a. - runs through the inguinal canal and branches off to supply numerous reproductive structures.
** '''Medial circumflex femoral a.''' - its supplies the caudal half of the rectus abdominus and the muscles of the medial thigh.
* '''Femoral a.'''
* '''Femoral a.'''
** '''Superficial circumflex iliac a.'''
** '''Superficial circumflex iliac a.''' - it supplies the sartorius, tensor fascia lata and rectus femoris.
** '''Proximal caudal femoral a.'''
** '''Lateral circumflex femoral a.''' - branches off with the superficial circumflex; it supplies the quadriceps, tensor fascia lata, the superficial and middle gluteals, and the hip joint capsule.
** '''Saphenous a.'''
** '''Proximal caudal femoral a.''' - branches off at the mid-thigh region and supplies the pectineus, adductor muscles and gracilis.
** '''Descending genincular a.'''
** '''Saphenous a.''' - arises proximal to the stifle and supplies the skin on the medial aspect of the stifle. It branches into a cranial and caudal branch. This artery and is vessels lie very superficially.
** '''Middle caudal femoral a.'''
** '''Descending genincular a.''' - supplies the medial surface of the stifle.
** '''Distal caudal femoral a.'''
** '''Middle caudal femoral a.''' - supplies the distal parts of the adductor and semimembranosus muscles.
** '''Distal caudal femoral a.''' - the last branch of the femoral artery before it becomes the politeal artery. It supplies the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius and the digital flexors.
* '''Popliteal a.'''
* '''Popliteal a.'''
* '''Cranial tibial a.'''
** '''Cranial tibial a.'''
* '''Dorsal Pedal a.'''
*** '''Dorsal Pedal a.'''
** '''Arcuate a.'''
**** '''Arcuate a.'''
*** '''Dorsal metatarsal aa.'''
***** '''Dorsal metatarsal aa.'''
**** '''Perforating branch'''
****** '''Perforating branch'''
* '''Caudal tibial a.'''
** '''Caudal tibial a.'''