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Spinal Column - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 15:44, 13 August 2008
, 15:44, 13 August 2008→''Hypaxial and Epaxial Muscles''
=''Hypaxial and Epaxial Muscles''=
=''Hypaxial and Epaxial Muscles''=
[[Image: epaxial muscles.JPG|thumb|right|150px|Epaxial muscles- Copyright C. Clarkson and T.F. Fletcher, University of Minnesota]]
[[Image: epaxial muscles.JPG|thumb|right|150px|Epaxial muscles- Copyright C. Clarkson and T.F. Fletcher, University of Minnesota]]
[[Image: hypaxial muscles.JPG|thumb|right|150px|Hypaxial muscles- Copyright C. Clarkson and T.F. Fletcher, University of Minnesota]]
*'''Epaxial muscles''': extensors of the vertebral column
*'''Epaxial muscles''': extensors of the vertebral column
**Dorsal to the line of the transverse processes of the vertebrae
**Dorsal to the line of the transverse processes of the vertebrae
***Middle column: ''Longissimus''; strongest, extending from the ilium and sacrum to the head and neck
***Middle column: ''Longissimus''; strongest, extending from the ilium and sacrum to the head and neck
***Medial column: ''Transversospinalis''; most complex, lying between medial vertebral arches and spinous processes
***Medial column: ''Transversospinalis''; most complex, lying between medial vertebral arches and spinous processes
*'''Hypaxial Muscles''': flexors of the neck and tail
*'''Hypaxial Muscles''': flexors of the neck and tail
**''Longus colli'': from cranial thoracic region to the atlas, covering ventral vertebral bodies
**''Longus colli'': from cranial thoracic region to the atlas, covering ventral vertebral bodies