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Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 16:48, 13 August 2008
, 16:48, 13 August 2008→Common structures of the Proximal Forelimb and Shoulder
*The Scapula articulates with the '''[[Humerus - Anatomy & Physiology|Humerus]]''' at the '''Glenoid cavity'''
*The Scapula articulates with the '''[[Humerus - Anatomy & Physiology|Humerus]]''' at the '''Glenoid cavity'''
'''''Clavicle'''''
The Clavicle is all but absent in most domestic species, with the notable exception of the avian skeleton. In the dog and cat, a remnant of bone may remain embedded in the fibrous intersection in the brachiocephalicus, which may prove misleading in radiographic images.
'''''Humerus'''''
The Humerus is the long bone of the forearm, articulating with the [[Scapula - Anatomy and Physiology|Scapula]] to form the [[Shoulder Joint - Anatomy & Physiology|Shoulder Joint]] and the [[Radius - Anatomy & Physiology|Radius]] and [[Ulna - Anatomy & Physiology|Ulna]] to form the [[Elbow Joint - Anatomy & Physiology|Elbow Joint]]. In situ, it lies obliquely along the ventral thorax and is more horizontal in larger species.
*The head of the humerus comprises '''greater''' and '''lesser tubercles''', separated by an '''intertubercular groove''' through which runs the tendon of the '''biceps brachii'''
*The shaft of the humerus takes on a characteristically twisted shape via a groove carrying the '''brachialis''' and '''radial nerve'''
*Laterally, the '''deltoid tuberosity''' is palpable through the skin and connects to the head of the humerus via a ridge and merges distally with the '''crest of the humerus'''
*Distally, the humerus culminates in a '''condyle''' which articulates to form the elbow
**In large animals, it meets the radius via a '''trochlea'''
**In dogs and cats, it articulates with the radius medially via a trochlea and the ulna laterally via a '''capitulum'''
**Caudally, all species show an '''olecranon fossa''' which articulates with the '''olecranon''' of the ulna
*Medial and lateral epicondyles provide attachment for flexors and extensors of the carpus and digits
==Joints of the Proximal Forelimb==
==Joints of the Proximal Forelimb==