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Displacements of the bladder include torsion, retroflexion and eversion through the urethra. Urnine stasis that occurs secondarily to displacements predisposes the urinary tract to infection.
==Retroflexion==
*Is a sequel of vaginal prolapse or perineal hernias.
**Perineal hernias can lead to serious complications such as hydronephrosis or bladder rupture.
*Can occur in dogs as a result of tenesmus secondary to constipation or prostatic enlargement.
==Eversion through the urethra==
*The short, wide urethra of females permits prolapse of the bladder.
*Follows straining, especially during parturition.
*If severe and not replaced, necrosis can occur due to obstruction of the vascalature.
*The bladder can also prolapse through a vaginal tear.