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<big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
 
<big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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==Common structures of the Proximal Forelimb and Shoulder==
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=Common structures of the Proximal Forelimb and Shoulder=
 
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'''''Scapula'''''
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==Scapula==
 
The Scapula forms the basis of the shoulder region, providing points of attachment of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles.  It is held in place by a synsarcosis of muscles and does not form a conventional articulation with the trunk.
 
The Scapula forms the basis of the shoulder region, providing points of attachment of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles.  It is held in place by a synsarcosis of muscles and does not form a conventional articulation with the trunk.
 
*In ungulates, the dorsal border is extended by a scapular cartilage, which enlarges the area for muscle attachment.  This ossifies with age.
 
*In ungulates, the dorsal border is extended by a scapular cartilage, which enlarges the area for muscle attachment.  This ossifies with age.
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