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Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 13:49, 15 August 2008
, 13:49, 15 August 2008→Common structures of the Proximal Hindlimb and Pelvis
'''[[Pubis - Anatomy & Physiology|Pubis]]'''
===Pubis===
'''[[Femur - Anatomy & Physiology|Femur]]'''
*The pubis is a L shaped bone that makes up one of the three bones of the pelvis.
'''[[Ossification Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Ossification Centers of the Hindlimb]]
*It consists of three parts:
**'''Body'''
**Transerse '''acetabular branch''' - the cranial edge of which is the '''pectin of pubis''' and forms the '''iliopubic emminence''', to which some of the abdominal muscles attach.
**Sagittal '''symphysial branch'''
*The two pubis fuse at the cranial section of the '''pubic symphysis'''. Lying of the ventral surface of the symphysis is the '''ventral pubic tubercle'''.
*The pubis form more than half the '''obturator foramen'''. This is an opening in the pelvic floor that allows the obturator nerve to pass through it; the foramen is closed by musculature and soft tissue.
'''''[[Ossification Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Pubis|Ossification of the Pubis]]
===Femur===
The femur is the strongest of the long bones and provides the origin and attachment for many muscles and tendons. This means that it is charcacteristically modelled for each species. Despite this it can be divided into three basic parts:
'''The Femoral Head'''
* The head is offset from the main shaft of the femur, points in a medial direction and articulates with the acetabulum.
* It has a hemispherical articular surface with an associated '''notch''', ''fovea capitis'', which provides attachment for the '''intracasular ligament'''.
* Lateral to the head is the '''greater trochanter'''. This process provides attachment to the gluteal muscles.
* The '''trochantic fossa''' seperates the greater trochanter and the neck of the femur. It provides a site of insertion for the deep hip muscles.
* The '''lesser trochanter''' is a smaller process on the medial side that provides a site of attachment for the iliopsoas.
'''Femoral Shaft'''
* The caudal surface is roughened proximally and is framed by the '''medial and lateral lips'''
* These lips extend distally end enclose the '''popliteal surface'''. They also provide attachment for the adductor muscles.
'''Distal Extremity'''
* This consists of the '''medial and lateral condyles''' caudally and a trochlea cranially.
* The condyles articulate with the tibia and menisci to form the '''femorotibial joint'''.
* The '''intercondylar fossa''' lies between the condyles and is seperated from the polpiteal surface by the '''intercondylar line'''.
* Both condyles are roughened on their abaxial surfaces providing attachment for the collateral ligaments of the stifle joint.
* The '''extensor fossa''' is one of a pair of depressions on the lateral condyle. It is the more cranial of the two and forms an attachment point for the long digital extensor and third perineal muscle. The caudal depression givens origin to the popliteal.
* On the caudal aspect of each condyle are facets for the articulation with the '''fabellae'''. These are sesamoid bones that are embedded in the tendinous insertion of the '''gastrocneumius'''.
* The '''trochlea''' is made up of two ridges and a groove that articulate with the '''patella''' to form the '''femeropatellar joint'''.
[[Ossification Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Femur|Ossification Centers of the Femur]]
==Joints of the Proximal Hindlimb==
==Joints of the Proximal Hindlimb==