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Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 13:55, 15 August 2008
, 13:55, 15 August 2008→Common Structures of the Distal Hindlimb
==Common Structures of the Distal Hindlimb==
==Common Structures of the Distal Hindlimb==
*'''[[Tibia - Anatomy & Physiology|Tibia]]'''
===Tibia===
The tibia is one of the major weight bearing bones of the hind limb and is involved in both the stifle and hock. The tibia can be divided into three distinct sections:
'''''Proximal Extremity'''''
* It is three sided and has two condyles which are seperated by the '''popliteal notch''' on its caudal aspect.
* The condyles have an articular surface which articulates with its corresponding femoral condyle or the distal surface of the meniscus.
* In between these articular surfaces lies the '''intercondylar eminence'''. The '''central intercondylar area''' divides this into a '''higher medial part''' and a '''lower lateral part'''.
* Cranial and caudal to the eminence are depressions where ligaments attach.
* The lateral side of the condyle has an articular facet for the articulation with the [[Fibula - Anatomy & Physiology|fibula]].
* The '''extensor groove''' is a large notch on the craniolateral aspect which allows passage of the long digital extensor muscle.
'''''Tibial Shaft'''''
* It is craniocaudally compressed.
* The '''tibial tuberosity/tibial crest''' projects cranially from the proximal part of the shaft and is an important palpable landmark.
* The '''cranial border of the tibia''' is an extension of the crest distally. It divides the cranial aspect of the shaft in two. The medial aspect is subcutaneous and the lateral aspect is covered in muscles.
'''''Distal Extremity'''''
* This carries the '''cochlea''' which has two grooves divided by a ridge.
* This central ridge is directed sagittally in most species.
* The cochlea articulates with the trochlear ridges of the talus.
* The '''medial malleolus''' lies on the medial side of the cochlea and is a bony protuberence.
* The lateral aspect of the cochlea is highly variable in domestic species.
'''''[[Ossification Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Tibia|Ossification Centers of the Tibia]]'''''
*'''[[Fibula - Anatomy & Physiology|Fibula]]'''
*'''[[Fibula - Anatomy & Physiology|Fibula]]'''
*'''[[Tarsal bones - Anatomy & Physiology|Tarsal bones]]'''
*'''[[Tarsal bones - Anatomy & Physiology|Tarsal bones]]'''