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| − | {{toplink
| + | #redirect[[:Category: Central Nervous System - Idiopathic Pathology]] |
| − | |backcolour = E0EEEE
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| − | |linkpage = Nervous System - Pathology
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| − | |linktext =Nervous System
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| − | |maplink = Nervous System (Content Map) - Pathology
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| − | |pagetype =Pathology
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| − | }}
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| − | <br>
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| − | ==Idiopathic Epilepsy==
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| − | | |
| − | * A seizure is a brain disorder which manifests as paroxysmal cerebral dysrhythmia.
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| − | ** The episode has a sudden onset and ceases spontaneously.
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| − | ** Seizures tend to recur.
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| − | * In epilepsy, individuals appear to have a low seizure threshold.
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| − | ** This predisposes their neurons to depolarize of their own volition.
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| − | * "Idiopathic epilepsy" is said to occur when no other cause of seizuring is apparent.
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| − | | |
| − | ===Pathogenesis===
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| − | | |
| − | * All seizures arise from a small group of neurons that periodically and spontaneously depolarize.
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| − | * In addition to being idiopathic (i.e. low seizure threshold), this sudden, uncontrolled neuronal discharge can occur due to:
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| − | ** Structural causes
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| − | *** Neoplasms
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| − | *** Inflammation
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| − | *** Trauma
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| − | ** Biochemical causes
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| − | *** Hypocalcaemia
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| − | *** hypoglycaemia
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| − | *** Hepatic encephalopathy.
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| − | ==Pug Dog Encephalitis==
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| − | | |
| − | * A non-infectious [[CNS - Inflammation|central nervous inflammatory disease]]
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| − | * Affects pugs.
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| − | ** Similar conditions are seen in yorkshire and maltese terriers.
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| − | * Officially known as necrotising meningoencephalitis of small dogs.
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| − | * Characterised by histological forebrain inflammation and necrosis.
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| − | * The disease is uniformly fatal.
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| − | ** Corticosterid treatment has no effect.
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| − | | |
| − | ==Granulmatous Meningoencephalitis==
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| − | | |
| − | * A non-infectious [[CNS - Inflammation|central nervous inflammatory disease]]
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| − | * May occur as:
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| − | ** A disseminated disease
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| − | ** A focal mass lesion
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| − | ** A primary occular disease
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| − | * Brainstem signs are common, although the forebrain is primarily affected.
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| − | * May be incorrectly diagnosed as lymphoma.
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| − | * Changes are apparent in the CSF.
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| − | ** There is usually a mononucloear pleocytosis.
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| − | ** Sometimes only protein is elveated.
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| − | * Diffuse inflammatory changes or a mass lesion will be seen by advanced imaging.
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| − | ** However, biopsy is required for a definative diagnosis.
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| − | * Life span is between 6 months and 1 year from diagnosis.
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