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Bovine Lower Limb - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 13:30, 22 August 2008
, 13:30, 22 August 2008→'''Metacarpophalangeal/Fetlock Joint'''
* Movement - flexion and extension.
* Movement - flexion and extension.
* The cow has a pair of fetlock joints involving the metacarpal bone, the two proximal phalanges and two pairs of sesamoid bones. These sesamoids articulate with the proximal palmar edge of the proximal phalanges
* The cow has a pair of fetlock joints involving the metacarpal bone, the two proximal phalanges and two pairs of sesamoid bones. These sesamoids articulate with the proximal palmar edge of the proximal phalanges
* The joint capsule runs between all bones in the joint and attaching to the articular cartilage of the sesamoids. It has an extensive pouch under the extensor tendon continuing a quarter the length up the cannon bone.
* Cattle have a joint capsule for the articulation of each digit with the palmar parts communicating.
* '''Collateral ligaments''' - bind the the metacarpal bone to the proximal phalanx, with a deep branch attaching to the sesamoid bone.
* '''Collateral ligaments''' - bind the the furrow between the two articulating areas of the metacarpal bone to the proximal phalanx.
* '''Palmar/intersesamoidean ligament''' - a mass of fibrocartilage that embedd the sesamoid bones. The palmar aspect of it forms a groove for the deep flexor tendon to run in.
* '''Interdigital intersesamoid ligament''' - units the axial sesamoids of each digit together.
* '''Collateral sesamoid ligaments''' - connect the outer aspect of the sesamoids to the proximal phalanx and there is a distinct branch that attaches to the cannon bone.
* '''Interdigital phalangosesamoid ligaments''' - a pair of ligaments that cross each other as they connect thesesamoid of one digit to the proximal phalanx of the other.
* '''Proximal interdigital ligament''' - connects the proximal halves of the two digits. Not technically part of the fetlock joint, it is absent in sheep.
* '''Collateral sesamoid ligaments''' - connect the outer aspect of the sesamoids to the proximal phalanx and there is a distinct branch that attaches to the metacarpal bone.
* '''Distal sesamoid ligaments''' - a collection of ligaments that are very marked in the horse. They connect the distal surface of the sesamoids to the plamar aspect of the phalanx. These are:
* '''Distal sesamoid ligaments''' - a collection of ligaments that are very marked in the horse. They connect the distal surface of the sesamoids to the plamar aspect of the phalanx. These are:
** '''Short ligaments''' - connect the axial base of the sesamoids to the lateral/medial aspect on the palmar margin of the proximal phalanx. These are the deepest of the ligaments.
** '''Short ligaments''' - connect the axial base of the sesamoids to the lateral/medial aspect on the palmar margin of the proximal phalanx. These are the deepest of the ligaments.
** '''Cruciate ligaments''' - paired ligaments from the base of the sesamoids that diagonally cross to attach to the proximal phalanx. It lies superficial to the short ligaments.
** '''Cruciate ligaments''' - paired ligaments from the base of the sesamoids that diagonally cross to attach to the proximal phalanx. It lies superficial to the short ligaments.
===='''Proximal Interphalangeal/Pastern Joint'''====
===='''Proximal Interphalangeal/Pastern Joint'''====