Changes

**Glossopharyngeal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN IX]]), vagus nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN X]]) and accessory nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN XI]])

**Glossopharyngeal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN IX]]), vagus nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN X]]) and accessory nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN XI]])

**Internal carotid artery

**Internal carotid artery

[[Image:Foramen Magnum.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Foramen Magnum (Horse) - Copyright RVC]]

[[Image:Foramen Magnum.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Foramen Magnum (Horse) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]

*Foramen Magnum

*Foramen Magnum

**Formed by occipital bones

**Formed by occipital bones

**Runs in transverse depression behind sphenoid rostrum on presphenoid bone

**Runs in transverse depression behind sphenoid rostrum on presphenoid bone

**Path of the optic nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN II]])

**Path of the optic nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN II]])

[[Image:Sheep Skull Eye Foramen.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Skull of a Sheep (optic canal, ethmoidal foramen and supraorbital foramen labelled) - Copyright RVC]]

[[Image:Sheep Skull Eye Foramen.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Skull of a Sheep (optic canal, ethmoidal foramen and supraorbital foramen labelled) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]

*Optic Canal

*Optic Canal

**Ends from optic chiasma over wings of the presphenoid bones

**Ends from optic chiasma over wings of the presphenoid bones

**Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V2]])

**Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V2]])

**Temporal artery

**Temporal artery

[[Image:Pig Foramen Ventral.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Foramen of the Pig (includes jugular, stylomastoid and lacernum - Copyright RVC]]

[[Image:Pig Foramen Ventral.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Foramen of the Pig (includes jugular, stylomastoid and lacernum - Copyright nabrown RVC]]

*Stylomastoid Foramen

*Stylomastoid Foramen

**Situated on the petrosal part of the temporal bone

**Situated on the petrosal part of the temporal bone

**Olfactory nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN I]])

**Olfactory nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN I]])

**Ethmoidal artery and vein

**Ethmoidal artery and vein

[[Image:Cow Skull dorsal view.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Cow skull (supraorbital foramen, temporal line, supramastoid crest and supraorbital groove labelled) - Copyright RVC]]

[[Image:Cow Skull dorsal view.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Cow skull (supraorbital foramen, temporal line, supramastoid crest and supraorbital groove labelled) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]

*Orbital Fissure

*Orbital Fissure

**On the presphenoid bone

**On the presphenoid bone

**Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V2]])

**Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V2]])

**Infraorbital artery and vein

**Infraorbital artery and vein

[[Image:Mental and Infraorbital Foramen.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Mental and Infraorbital foramen (dog) - Copyright RVC]]

[[Image:Mental and Infraorbital Foramen.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Mental and Infraorbital foramen (dog) - Copyright nabrown RVC]]

*Mental Foramen

*Mental Foramen

**On rostral end of the mandible

**On rostral end of the mandible