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Consequences of Gastric Disease - Pathology (view source)
Revision as of 23:03, 25 August 2008
, 23:03, 25 August 2008no edit summary
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==Vomiting==
* Has potentially lethal effects in the monogastric animal.
===Water Loss===
* Fluid loss is evident as:
*# An increased PCV or haematocrit.
*# An increased total protein concentration.
*# A prerenal azotaemia.
===Gastric Electrolyte Loss===
* The main losses are of H<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup>, and also K<sup>+</sup>
* Can potentially cause metabolic alkalosis, although this is only likely with disease which stops at the pylorus, e.g.: pyloric outflow obstruction.
** In cases where mild alkalosis occurs, homeostatic mechanisms produce a more alkaline urine to restore normal body pH.
** However, in severe metablolic alkalosis with marked dehydration, acidic urine may be produced- this is termed '''paradoxical aciduria'''.
*** Because [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]] induceses hypokalaemia, there is an overriding stimulus in the kidney for Na<sup>+</sup> (and therefore water) retention.
*** Na+ can only be resorbed in exchange for H+
**** H<sup>+</sup> is therefore excreted in the urine, causing it to be acidic.
*** [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]] also induces hypochloraemia, meaning bicarbonate rather than chloride is resorbed with the Na+ to maintain electrical neutrality
**** This perpetuates the alkalosis.
* [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]] does not occur in the ruminant although [[The Abomasum|abomasal]] content may reflux into the [[Stomach and Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|forestomachs]].
** Sequestration of secretions in the [[The Abomasum|abomasum]] will have similar effects to pyloric outflow obstruction with [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]] in the monogastric animal.
*** e.g. abomasal torsion
*** Causes dehydration, hypochloraemia, hypokalaemia and metabolic alkalosis.
* Lesions in the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] can also lead to [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]]
** Both gastric acid and pancreatic and intestinal bicarbonate secretions are lost
*** Animal consequently has a normal pH or may even be acidotic.
==Raised Intraluminal pH==
* Associated with some forms of gastritis.
** e.g. Ostertagiasis
* Causes failure of digestion.
** Anorexia and weight loss follow.
* Increases the number of bacteria in the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]].
* Diarrhoea reults
** Cause is unknwn is unknown but appears to be related to the elevated pH.
== Hyperacidity==
* May develop in certain gastric disturbances
* Thought to be a contributory factor in peptic ulceration.
==Anaemia==
* May also develop in certain gastric diseases
* Is usually haemorrhagic in nature
** Due to bleeding from gastric ulceration.