Changes

*Some mast cell cytokines (especially eosinophils) release factors which promote growth and maturation of leukocytes

*Some mast cell cytokines (especially eosinophils) release factors which promote growth and maturation of leukocytes

*Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides (e.g. histamine and serotonin) which causes acute contraction of smooth muscle fibres  

*Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides (e.g. histamine and serotonin) which causes acute contraction of smooth muscle fibres  

**Leading to bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction

**Leading to bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction (if the allergen is )

**Violent constriction can lead to the expulsion of parasites

**Violent constriction can lead to the expulsion of parasites

*The release of mast cell proteases

*The release of mast cell proteases

**Promotes mucous production

**Promotes mucous production

**Inhibits parasite interactions with the epithelial surface

**Inhibits parasite interactions with the epithelial surface

* Vasodilation (leads to redness)

* Vasodilation (leads to redness and heat)

* Oedema (from leaky blood vessels)

* Oedema (from leaky blood vessels)