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Canine Phalanges - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
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|linkpage =Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology
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|pagetype =Anatomy
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=='''Bones'''==
==Bones==
===='''Metacarpals and Metatarsals'''====
====Metacarpals and Metatarsals====
* The arrangement of the metatarsals are similar to those of the metacarpals.
* The arrangement of the metatarsals are similar to those of the metacarpals.
===='''Phalanges'''====
====Phalanges====
* Proximal phalanx - of the main digits (II - V) they have a concave articular surface proximally. The palmar border has a groove to accomodate the articular surface of the metacarpus when the joint is fixed. The distal head has two convex areas seperated by a groove.
* Proximal phalanx - of the main digits (II - V) they have a concave articular surface proximally. The palmar border has a groove to accomodate the articular surface of the metacarpus when the joint is fixed. The distal head has two convex areas seperated by a groove.
=='''Joints'''==
==Joints==
===='''Metacarpophalangeal Joint'''====
====Metacarpophalangeal Joint====
* The '''distal annular ligaments''' cross the surface of the flexor tendons and sheaths at the level of the proximal and middle phalanx.
* The '''distal annular ligaments''' cross the surface of the flexor tendons and sheaths at the level of the proximal and middle phalanx.
===='''Proximal Interphalangeal Joint'''====
====Proximal Interphalangeal Joint====
===='''Distal Interphalangeal Joint'''====
====Distal Interphalangeal Joint====
=='''Musculature'''==
==Musculature==
'''Interosseous'''
'''Interosseous'''
** Insertion - the tendon radiates into the medial ligaments of the tarsus and doesn't form part of the deep flexor tendon.
** Insertion - the tendon radiates into the medial ligaments of the tarsus and doesn't form part of the deep flexor tendon.
=='''Vasculature'''==
==Vasculature==
*'''[[Arteries of the Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Arteries of the Forelimb]]'''
*'''[[Arteries of the Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Arteries of the Forelimb]]'''
*'''[[Veins of the Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Veins of the Forelimb]]'''
*'''[[Veins of the Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Veins of the Forelimb]]'''
*'''[[Lymphatics of the Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Lymphatics of the Hindlimb]]'''
*'''[[Lymphatics of the Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Lymphatics of the Hindlimb]]'''
=='''Innervation'''==
==Innervation==
[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Innervation of the Hindlimb]]
[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology|Innervation of the Hindlimb]]
=='''The Canine Paw'''==
==The Canine Paw==
Composed of four weight-bearing toes, each with a claw and footpad. In addition there is a metacarpal/metatarsal footpad.
Composed of four weight-bearing toes, each with a claw and footpad. In addition there is a metacarpal/metatarsal footpad.
===='''Footpad'''====
====Footpad====
* The epidermis is thick, pigmented, keratinised and hairless. It is arranged into conical papillae. '''Sweat/merocrine glands''' open onto the surface.
* The epidermis is thick, pigmented, keratinised and hairless. It is arranged into conical papillae. '''Sweat/merocrine glands''' open onto the surface.
* The dermis of the dense connective tissue is papillated.
* The dermis of the dense connective tissue is papillated.
* A small carpal pad is present medial and distal to the accessory carpal bone.
* A small carpal pad is present medial and distal to the accessory carpal bone.
====Claw====
===='''Claw'''====
* This is the horny covering of the distal phalanx. The walls of the claw, which are continuous dorsally, embrace the soft flaky horn of the sole when they touch the ground.
* This is the horny covering of the distal phalanx. The walls of the claw, which are continuous dorsally, embrace the soft flaky horn of the sole when they touch the ground.